Jeffery Russell
4 years ago
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| @ -0,0 +1,483 @@ | |||||
| @PREAMBLE{ | |||||
| "\providecommand{\noopsort}[1]{}" | |||||
| # "\providecommand{\singleletter}[1]{#1}%" | |||||
| } | |||||
| @BOOK{Bire82, | |||||
| author = {N. D. Birell and P. C. W. Davies}, | |||||
| year = 1982, | |||||
| title = {Quantum Fields in Curved Space}, | |||||
| publisher = {Cambridge University Press} | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{feyn54, | |||||
| author = "R. P. Feynman", | |||||
| year = "1954", | |||||
| journal = "Phys.\ Rev.", | |||||
| volume = "94", | |||||
| pages = "262", | |||||
| doi = "10.1029/2002JD002268", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{epr, | |||||
| author = "A. Einstein and {\relax Yu} Podolsky and N. Rosen", | |||||
| year = "1935", | |||||
| journal = "Phys.\ Rev.", | |||||
| volume = "47", | |||||
| pages = "777", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Berman1983, | |||||
| author = "Berman, Jr., G. P. and Izrailev, Jr., F. M.", | |||||
| title = "Stability of nonlinear modes", | |||||
| journal = "Physica D", | |||||
| volume = "88", | |||||
| pages = "445", | |||||
| year = "1983", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Davies1998, | |||||
| author = "E. B. Davies and L. Parns", | |||||
| title = "Trapped modes in acoustic waveguides", | |||||
| journal = "Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math.", | |||||
| volume = "51", | |||||
| pages = "477--492", | |||||
| year = "1988", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MISC{witten2001, | |||||
| author = "Edward Witten", | |||||
| eprint = "hep-th/0106109", | |||||
| year = "2001", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INBOOK{Beutler1994, | |||||
| author = "E. Beutler", | |||||
| editor = "E. Beutler and M. A. Lichtman and B. W. Coller and T. S. Kipps", | |||||
| title = "Williams Hematology", | |||||
| chapter = "7", | |||||
| pages = "654--662", | |||||
| publisher = "McGraw-Hill", | |||||
| year = "1994", | |||||
| edition = "5", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| volume = "2", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INBOOK{inbook-full, | |||||
| author = "Donald E. Knuth", | |||||
| title = "Fundamental Algorithms", | |||||
| volume = 1, | |||||
| series = "The Art of Computer Programming", | |||||
| publisher = "Addison-Wesley", | |||||
| address = "Reading, Massachusetts", | |||||
| edition = "Second", | |||||
| month = "10~" # jan, | |||||
| year = "\noopsort{1973b}1973", | |||||
| type = "Section", | |||||
| chapter = "1.2", | |||||
| pages = "10--119", | |||||
| note = "A full INBOOK entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Smith2005, | |||||
| author = "J. S. Smith and G. W. Johnson", | |||||
| journal = "Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| year = "2005", | |||||
| volume = "777", | |||||
| pages = "1395", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @UNPUBLISHED{Smith2010, | |||||
| author = "W. J. Smith and T. J. Johnson and B. G. Miller", | |||||
| title = "Surface chemistry and preferential crystal orientation on a silicon surface", | |||||
| note = "{J. Appl. Phys.} (unpublished)", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| year = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @UNPUBLISHED{Smith2010a, | |||||
| author = "V. K. Smith and K. Johnson and M. O. Klein", | |||||
| title = "Surface chemistry and preferential crystal orientation on a silicon surface", | |||||
| note = "{J. Appl. Phys.} (submitted)", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| year = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @UNPUBLISHED{unpublished-full, | |||||
| author = "Ulrich {\"{U}}nderwood and Ned {\~N}et and Paul {\={P}}ot", | |||||
| title = "Lower Bounds for Wishful Research Results", | |||||
| month = nov # ", " # dec, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "Talk at Fanstord University (A full UNPUBLISHED entry)", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MISC{JohnsonMillerSmith2007, | |||||
| author = "M. P. Johnson and K. L. Miller and K. Smith", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| howpublished = "personal communication", | |||||
| month = "1~" # may, | |||||
| year = "2007", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PROCEEDINGS{Smith2007, | |||||
| title = "AIP Conf. Proc.", | |||||
| year = "2007", | |||||
| editor = "J. Smith", | |||||
| volume = "841", | |||||
| number = "21", | |||||
| series = "", | |||||
| address = "", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| organization = "", | |||||
| publisher = "", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PROCEEDINGS{proceedings-full, | |||||
| editor = "Wizard V. Oz and Mihalis Yannakakis", | |||||
| title = "Proc. Fifteenth Annual", | |||||
| number = 17, | |||||
| series = "All ACM Conferences", | |||||
| month = mar, | |||||
| year = 1983, | |||||
| address = "Boston", | |||||
| organization = "ACM", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| note = "A full PROCEEDINGS entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @UNPUBLISHED{Burstyn2004, | |||||
| author = "Y. Burstyn", | |||||
| title = "{Proceedings of the 5th International Molecular Beam Epitaxy Conference, Santa Fe, NM}", | |||||
| note = "(unpublished)", | |||||
| month = "5--8~" # oct, | |||||
| year = "2004", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PROCEEDINGS{Quinn2001, | |||||
| title = "{Proceedings of the 2003 Particle Accelerator Conference, Portland, OR, 12-16 May 2005}", | |||||
| year = "2001", | |||||
| editor = "B. Quinn", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| publisher = "Wiley", | |||||
| note = "Albeit the conference was held in 2005, it was the 2003 conference, and the proceedings were published in 2001; go figure", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Agarwal2001, | |||||
| author = "A. G. Agarwal", | |||||
| title = "{Proceedings of the Fifth Low Temperature Conference, Madison, WI, 1999}", | |||||
| journal = "Semiconductors", | |||||
| year = "2001", | |||||
| volume = "66", | |||||
| pages = "1238", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{SmithDA01, | |||||
| author = "R. Smith", | |||||
| title = "Hummingbirds are our friends", | |||||
| journal = {J. Appl. Phys. (these proceedings)}, | |||||
| year = "", | |||||
| volume = "", | |||||
| number = "", | |||||
| pages = "", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| note = "Abstract No. DA-01", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Smith2007a, | |||||
| author = "J. Smith", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| journal = "Proc. SPIE", | |||||
| year = "2007", | |||||
| volume = "124", | |||||
| pages = "367", | |||||
| note = "Required title is missing", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @TECHREPORT{techreport-full, | |||||
| author = "Tom T{\'{e}}rrific", | |||||
| title = "An {$O(n \log n / \! \log\log n)$} Sorting Algorithm", | |||||
| institution = "Fanstord University", | |||||
| type = "Wishful Research Result", | |||||
| number = "7", | |||||
| address = "Computer Science Department, Fanstord, California", | |||||
| month = oct, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "A full TECHREPORT entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @TECHREPORT{Nelson1999, | |||||
| author = "J. Nelson", | |||||
| type = "{TWI Report}", | |||||
| number = "666/1999", | |||||
| institution = "", | |||||
| year = jan # "~1999", | |||||
| note = "Required institution missing", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @TECHREPORT{Fields2005, | |||||
| author = "W. K. Fields", | |||||
| type = "{ECE Report No.}", | |||||
| number = "AL944", | |||||
| institution = "", | |||||
| year = "2005", | |||||
| note = "Required institution missing", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MISC{Zalkins2008, | |||||
| author = "Y. M. Zalkins", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| howpublished = "e-print arXiv:cond-mat/040426", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| year = "2008", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MISC{Nelson2005, | |||||
| author = "J. Nelson", | |||||
| howpublished = "{U.S. Patent No.} 5,693,000", | |||||
| year = "12~" # dec # "~2005", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MASTERSTHESIS{Nelson1999a, | |||||
| author = "J. K. Nelson", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| school = "New York University", | |||||
| year = "1999", | |||||
| type = "M.{S}. thesis", | |||||
| address = "", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MASTERSTHESIS{mastersthesis-full, | |||||
| author = "{\'{E}}douard Masterly", | |||||
| title = "Mastering Thesis Writing", | |||||
| school = "Stanford University", | |||||
| type = "Master's project", | |||||
| address = "English Department", | |||||
| month = jun # "-" # aug, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "A full MASTERSTHESIS entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PHDTHESIS{Smith2003, | |||||
| author = "S. M. Smith", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| school = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", | |||||
| year = "2003", | |||||
| type = "{Ph.D.} thesis", | |||||
| address = "", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{KawaLin2003, | |||||
| author = "S. R. Kawa and S.-J. Lin", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| journal = "J. Geophys. Res.", | |||||
| year = "2003", | |||||
| volume = "108", | |||||
| number = "D6", | |||||
| pages = "4201", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| note = "{DOI:10.1029/2002JD002268}", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PHDTHESIS{phdthesis-full, | |||||
| author = "F. Phidias Phony-Baloney", | |||||
| title = "Fighting Fire with Fire: Festooning {F}rench Phrases", | |||||
| school = "Fanstord University", | |||||
| type = "{PhD} Dissertation", | |||||
| address = "Department of French", | |||||
| month = jun # "-" # aug, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "A full PHDTHESIS entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @BOOK{book-full, | |||||
| author = "Donald E. Knuth", | |||||
| title = "Seminumerical Algorithms", | |||||
| volume = 2, | |||||
| series = "The Art of Computer Programming", | |||||
| publisher = "Addison-Wesley", | |||||
| address = "Reading, Massachusetts", | |||||
| edition = "Second", | |||||
| month = "10~" # jan, | |||||
| year = "\noopsort{1973c}1981", | |||||
| note = "A full BOOK entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @BOOKLET{booklet-full, | |||||
| author = "Jill C. Knvth", | |||||
| title = "The Programming of Computer Art", | |||||
| howpublished = "Vernier Art Center", | |||||
| address = "Stanford, California", | |||||
| month = feb, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "A full BOOKLET entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INBOOK{ballagh2000, | |||||
| author = "R. Ballagh and C.M. Savage", | |||||
| editor = "C.M. Savage and M. Das", | |||||
| title = "Bose-Einstein condensation: from atomic physics to quantum fluids, Proceedings of the 13th Physics Summer School", | |||||
| year = "2000", | |||||
| publisher = "World Scientific", | |||||
| address = "Singapore", | |||||
| eprint = "cond-mat/0008070", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @inBook{Magnetism, | |||||
| author = "W. Opechowski and R. Guccione", | |||||
| title = "Introduction to the Theory of Normal Metals", | |||||
| volume = "IIa", | |||||
| pages = "105", | |||||
| editor = "G. T. Rado and H. Suhl", | |||||
| booktitle = "Magnetism", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| } | |||||
| year = "1965", | |||||
| @INPROCEEDINGS{Magnetismb, | |||||
| author = "W. Opechowski and R. Guccione", | |||||
| title = "Introduction to the Theory of Normal Metals", | |||||
| editor = "G. T. Rado and H. Suhl", | |||||
| booktitle = "Magnetism", | |||||
| volume = "IIa", | |||||
| pages = "105", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| year = "1965", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INBOOK{Smith80, | |||||
| author = "J. M. Smith", | |||||
| title = "Molecular Dynamics", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic", | |||||
| year = "1980", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| editor = "C. Brown", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @article{ZS71, | |||||
| author = "V. E. Zakharov and A. B. Shabat", | |||||
| year = "1971", | |||||
| title = "Exact theory of two-dimensional self-focusing and one-dimensional self-modulation of waves in nonlinear media", | |||||
| journal = "Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.", | |||||
| volume = "61", | |||||
| pages = "118--134", | |||||
| translation = "Sov. Phys. JETP \textbf{34}, 62 (1972)" | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{Beutler1994a, | |||||
| author = "E. Beutler", | |||||
| year = "1994", | |||||
| booktitle = "Williams Hematology", | |||||
| edition = "5", | |||||
| chapter = "7", | |||||
| editor = "E. Beutler and M. A. Lichtman and B. W. Coller and T. S. Kipps", | |||||
| publisher = "McGraw-Hill", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| volume = "2", | |||||
| pages = "654--662", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{ballagh2000a, | |||||
| author = "R. Ballagh and C.M. Savage", | |||||
| year = "2000", | |||||
| title = "Bose-Einstein condensation: from atomic physics to quantum fluids", | |||||
| booktitle = "Proceedings of the 13th Physics Summer School", | |||||
| editor = "C.M. Savage and M. Das", | |||||
| publisher = "World Scientific", | |||||
| address = "Singapore", | |||||
| eprint = "cond-mat/0008070", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{Magnetisma, | |||||
| author = "W. Opechowski and R. Guccione", | |||||
| year = "1965", | |||||
| title = "Introduction to the Theory of Normal Metals", | |||||
| booktitle = "Magnetism", | |||||
| editor = "G. T. Rado and H. Suhl", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| volume = "IIa", | |||||
| pages = "105", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{Smith80a, | |||||
| author = "J. M. Smith", | |||||
| year = "1980", | |||||
| booktitle = "Molecular Dynamics", | |||||
| editor = "C. Brown", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{incollection-full, | |||||
| key = "incol-ful", | |||||
| author = "Daniel D. Lincoll", | |||||
| year = 1977, | |||||
| title = "Semigroups of Recurrences", | |||||
| booktitle = "High Speed Computer and Algorithm Organization", | |||||
| edition = "Third", | |||||
| series = "Fast Computers", | |||||
| number = 23, | |||||
| chapter = 3, | |||||
| type = "Part", | |||||
| editor = "David J. Lipcoll and D. H. Lawrie and A. H. Sameh", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| month = sep, | |||||
| pages = "179--183", | |||||
| note = "A full INCOLLECTION entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INPROCEEDINGS{inproceedings-full, | |||||
| author = "Alfred V. Oaho and Jeffrey D. Ullman and Mihalis Yannakakis", | |||||
| title = "On Notions of Information Transfer in {VLSI} Circuits", | |||||
| editor = "Wizard V. Oz and Mihalis Yannakakis", | |||||
| booktitle = "Proc. Fifteenth Annual ACM", | |||||
| number = 17, | |||||
| series = "All ACM Conferences", | |||||
| pages = "133--139", | |||||
| month = mar, | |||||
| year = 1983, | |||||
| address = "Boston", | |||||
| organization = "ACM", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| note = "A full INPROCEDINGS entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MANUAL{manual-full, | |||||
| author = "Larry Manmaker", | |||||
| title = "The Definitive Computer Manual", | |||||
| organization = "Chips-R-Us", | |||||
| address = "Silicon Valley", | |||||
| edition = "Silver", | |||||
| month = apr # "-" # may, | |||||
| year = 1986, | |||||
| note = "A full MANUAL entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
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| @ -0,0 +1,616 @@ | |||||
| % ****** Start of file aapmsamp.tex ****** | |||||
| % | |||||
| % This file is part of the AAPM files in the AAPM distribution for REVTeX 4-2. | |||||
| % Version 4.2a of REVTeX, January 2015 | |||||
| % | |||||
| % Copyright (c) 2015 American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). | |||||
| % | |||||
| % See the AAPM README file for restrictions and more information. | |||||
| % | |||||
| % TeX'ing this file requires that you have AMS-LaTeX 2.0 installed | |||||
| % as well as the rest of the prerequisites for REVTeX 4.2 | |||||
| % | |||||
| % It also requires running BibTeX. The commands are as follows: | |||||
| % | |||||
| % 1) latex aapmsamp | |||||
| % 2) bibtex aapmsamp | |||||
| % 3) latex aapmsamp | |||||
| % 4) latex aapmsamp | |||||
| % | |||||
| % Use this file as a source of example code for your aapm document. | |||||
| % Use the file aapmtemplate.tex as a template for your document. | |||||
| \documentclass[% | |||||
| aapm, | |||||
| mph,% | |||||
| amsmath,amssymb, | |||||
| %preprint,% | |||||
| reprint,% | |||||
| %author-year,% | |||||
| %author-numerical,% | |||||
| ]{revtex4-2} | |||||
| \usepackage{graphicx}% Include figure files | |||||
| \usepackage{dcolumn}% Align table columns on decimal point | |||||
| \usepackage{bm}% bold math | |||||
| \usepackage[mathlines]{lineno}% Enable numbering of text and display math | |||||
| \modulolinenumbers[5]% Line numbers with a gap of 5 lines | |||||
| \linenumbers\relax % Commence numbering lines | |||||
| \begin{document} | |||||
| \preprint{AAPM/123-QED} | |||||
| \title[Sample title]{Sample Title:\\with Forced Linebreak\footnote{Error!}}% Force line breaks with \\ | |||||
| \thanks{Footnote to title of article.} | |||||
| \author{A. Author} | |||||
| \altaffiliation[Also at ]{Physics Department, XYZ University.}%Lines break automatically or can be forced with \\ | |||||
| \author{B. Author}% | |||||
| \email{Second.Author@institution.edu.} | |||||
| \affiliation{ | |||||
| Authors' institution and/or address%\\This line break forced with \textbackslash\textbackslash | |||||
| }% | |||||
| \author{C. Author} | |||||
| \homepage{http://www.Second.institution.edu/~Charlie.Author.} | |||||
| \affiliation{% | |||||
| Second institution and/or address%\\This line break forced% with \\ | |||||
| }% | |||||
| \date{\today}% It is always \today, today, | |||||
| % but any date may be explicitly specified | |||||
| \begin{abstract} | |||||
| An article usually includes an abstract, a concise summary of the work | |||||
| covered at length in the main body of the article. It is used for | |||||
| secondary publications and for information retrieval purposes. | |||||
| % | |||||
| \end{abstract} | |||||
| \keywords{Suggested keywords}%Use showkeys class option if keyword | |||||
| %display desired | |||||
| \maketitle | |||||
| \begin{quotation} | |||||
| The ``lead paragraph'' is encapsulated with the \LaTeX\ | |||||
| \verb+quotation+ environment and is formatted as a single paragraph before the first section heading. | |||||
| (The \verb+quotation+ environment reverts to its usual meaning after the first sectioning command.) | |||||
| Note that numbered references are allowed in the lead paragraph. | |||||
| % | |||||
| The lead paragraph will only be found in an article being prepared for the journal \textit{Chaos}. | |||||
| \end{quotation} | |||||
| \section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading:\protect\\ The line | |||||
| break was forced \lowercase{via} \textbackslash\textbackslash} | |||||
| This sample document demonstrates proper use of REV\TeX~4.2 (and | |||||
| \LaTeXe) in manuscripts prepared for submission to AAPM | |||||
| journals. Further information can be found in the documentation included in the distribution or available at | |||||
| \url{http://www.aapm.org} and in the documentation for | |||||
| REV\TeX~4.2 itself. | |||||
| When commands are referred to in this example file, they are always | |||||
| shown with their required arguments, using normal \TeX{} format. In | |||||
| this format, \verb+#1+, \verb+#2+, etc. stand for required | |||||
| author-supplied arguments to commands. For example, in | |||||
| \verb+\section{#1}+ the \verb+#1+ stands for the title text of the | |||||
| author's section heading, and in \verb+\title{#1}+ the \verb+#1+ | |||||
| stands for the title text of the paper. | |||||
| Line breaks in section headings at all levels can be introduced using | |||||
| \textbackslash\textbackslash. A blank input line tells \TeX\ that the | |||||
| paragraph has ended. | |||||
| \subsection{\label{sec:level2}Second-level heading: Formatting} | |||||
| This file may be formatted in both the \texttt{preprint} (the default) and | |||||
| \texttt{reprint} styles; the latter format may be used to | |||||
| mimic final journal output. In addition, there is another | |||||
| option available, \texttt{lengthcheck}, which formats the document as closely | |||||
| as possible to an actual journal article, to facilitate the author's | |||||
| performance of a length check. Either format may be used for submission | |||||
| purposes; however, for peer review and production, AAPM will format the | |||||
| article using the \texttt{preprint} class option. Hence, it is | |||||
| essential that authors check that their manuscripts format acceptably | |||||
| under \texttt{preprint}. Manuscripts submitted to AAPM that do not | |||||
| format correctly under the \texttt{preprint} option may be delayed in | |||||
| both the editorial and production processes. | |||||
| The \texttt{widetext} environment will make the text the width of the | |||||
| full page, as on page~\pageref{eq:wideeq}. (Note the use the | |||||
| \verb+\pageref{#1}+ to get the page number right automatically.) The | |||||
| width-changing commands only take effect in \texttt{twocolumn} | |||||
| formatting. It has no effect if \texttt{preprint} formatting is chosen | |||||
| instead. | |||||
| \subsubsection{\label{sec:level3}Third-level heading: Citations and Footnotes} | |||||
| Citations in text refer to entries in the Bibliography; | |||||
| they use the commands \verb+\cite{#1}+ or \verb+\onlinecite{#1}+. | |||||
| Because REV\TeX\ uses the \verb+natbib+ package of Patrick Daly, | |||||
| its entire repertoire of commands are available in your document; | |||||
| see the \verb+natbib+ documentation for further details. | |||||
| The argument of \verb+\cite+ is a comma-separated list of \emph{keys}; | |||||
| a key may consist of letters and numerals. | |||||
| By default, AAPM citations are numerical; \cite{feyn54} | |||||
| to give a textual citation, use \verb+\onlinecite{#1}+: (Refs.~\onlinecite{witten2001,epr,Bire82}). | |||||
| REV\TeX\ ``collapses'' lists of consecutive numerical citations when appropriate. | |||||
| To illustrate, we cite several together \cite{feyn54,witten2001,epr,Berman1983}, | |||||
| and once again (Refs.~\onlinecite{epr,feyn54,Bire82,Berman1983}). | |||||
| Note that, when numerical citations are used, the references were sorted into the same order they appear in the bibliography. | |||||
| A reference within the bibliography is specified with a \verb+\bibitem{#1}+ command, | |||||
| where the argument is the citation key mentioned above. | |||||
| \verb+\bibitem{#1}+ commands may be crafted by hand or, preferably, | |||||
| generated by using Bib\TeX. | |||||
| The AAPM styles for REV\TeX~4 include Bib\TeX\ style file | |||||
| \verb+aapmrev4-2.bst+, appropriate for | |||||
| numbered bibliography. | |||||
| REV\TeX~4 will automatically choose the style appropriate for | |||||
| the document's selected class options: the default is numerical. | |||||
| This sample file demonstrates a simple use of Bib\TeX\ | |||||
| via a \verb+\bibliography+ command referencing the \verb+aapmsamp.bib+ file. | |||||
| Running Bib\TeX\ (in this case \texttt{bibtex | |||||
| aapmsamp}) after the first pass of \LaTeX\ produces the file | |||||
| \verb+aapmsamp.bbl+ which contains the automatically formatted | |||||
| \verb+\bibitem+ commands (including extra markup information via | |||||
| \verb+\bibinfo+ commands). If not using Bib\TeX, the | |||||
| \verb+thebibiliography+ environment should be used instead. | |||||
| \paragraph{Fourth-level heading is run in.}% | |||||
| Footnotes are produced using the \verb+\footnote{#1}+ command. | |||||
| Numerical style citations put footnotes into the | |||||
| bibliography\footnote{Automatically placing footnotes into the bibliography requires using BibTeX to compile the bibliography.}. | |||||
| Note: due to the method used to place footnotes in the bibliography, \emph{you | |||||
| must re-run BibTeX every time you change any of your document's | |||||
| footnotes}. | |||||
| \section{Math and Equations} | |||||
| Inline math may be typeset using the \verb+$+ delimiters. Bold math | |||||
| symbols may be achieved using the \verb+bm+ package and the | |||||
| \verb+\bm{#1}+ command it supplies. For instance, a bold $\alpha$ can | |||||
| be typeset as \verb+$\bm{\alpha}$+ giving $\bm{\alpha}$. Fraktur and | |||||
| Blackboard (or open face or double struck) characters should be | |||||
| typeset using the \verb+\mathfrak{#1}+ and \verb+\mathbb{#1}+ commands | |||||
| respectively. Both are supplied by the \texttt{amssymb} package. For | |||||
| example, \verb+$\mathbb{R}$+ gives $\mathbb{R}$ and | |||||
| \verb+$\mathfrak{G}$+ gives $\mathfrak{G}$ | |||||
| In \LaTeX\ there are many different ways to display equations, and a | |||||
| few preferred ways are noted below. Displayed math will flush left by | |||||
| default. | |||||
| Below we have numbered single-line equations, the most common kind: | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| \chi_+(p)\alt{\bf [}2|{\bf p}|(|{\bf p}|+p_z){\bf ]}^{-1/2} | |||||
| \left( | |||||
| \begin{array}{c} | |||||
| |{\bf p}|+p_z\\ | |||||
| px+ip_y | |||||
| \end{array}\right)\;, | |||||
| \\ | |||||
| \left\{% | |||||
| \openone234567890abc123\alpha\beta\gamma\delta1234556\alpha\beta | |||||
| \frac{1\sum^{a}_{b}}{A^2}% | |||||
| \right\}% | |||||
| \label{eq:one}. | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| Note the open one in Eq.~(\ref{eq:one}). | |||||
| Not all numbered equations will fit within a narrow column this | |||||
| way. The equation number will move down automatically if it cannot fit | |||||
| on the same line with a one-line equation: | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| \left\{ | |||||
| ab12345678abc123456abcdef\alpha\beta\gamma\delta1234556\alpha\beta | |||||
| \frac{1\sum^{a}_{b}}{A^2}% | |||||
| \right\}. | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| When the \verb+\label{#1}+ command is used [cf. input for | |||||
| Eq.~(\ref{eq:one})], the equation can be referred to in text without | |||||
| knowing the equation number that \TeX\ will assign to it. Just | |||||
| use \verb+\ref{#1}+, where \verb+#1+ is the same name that used in | |||||
| the \verb+\label{#1}+ command. | |||||
| Unnumbered single-line equations can be typeset | |||||
| using the \verb+\[+, \verb+\]+ format: | |||||
| \[g^+g^+ \rightarrow g^+g^+g^+g^+ \dots ~,~~q^+q^+\rightarrow | |||||
| q^+g^+g^+ \dots ~. \] | |||||
| \subsection{Multiline equations} | |||||
| Multiline equations are obtained by using the \verb+eqnarray+ | |||||
| environment. Use the \verb+\nonumber+ command at the end of each line | |||||
| to avoid assigning a number: | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| {\cal M}=&&ig_Z^2(4E_1E_2)^{1/2}(l_i^2)^{-1} | |||||
| \delta_{\sigma_1,-\sigma_2} | |||||
| (g_{\sigma_2}^e)^2\chi_{-\sigma_2}(p_2)\nonumber\\ | |||||
| &&\times | |||||
| [\epsilon_jl_i\epsilon_i]_{\sigma_1}\chi_{\sigma_1}(p_1), | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| \sum \vert M^{\text{viol}}_g \vert ^2&=&g^{2n-4}_S(Q^2)~N^{n-2} | |||||
| (N^2-1)\nonumber \\ | |||||
| & &\times \left( \sum_{i<j}\right) | |||||
| \sum_{\text{perm}} | |||||
| \frac{1}{S_{12}} | |||||
| \frac{1}{S_{12}} | |||||
| \sum_\tau c^f_\tau~. | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| \textbf{Note:} Do not use \verb+\label{#1}+ on a line of a multiline | |||||
| equation if \verb+\nonumber+ is also used on that line. Incorrect | |||||
| cross-referencing will result. Notice the use \verb+\text{#1}+ for | |||||
| using a Roman font within a math environment. | |||||
| To set a multiline equation without \emph{any} equation | |||||
| numbers, use the \verb+\begin{eqnarray*}+, | |||||
| \verb+\end{eqnarray*}+ format: | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray*} | |||||
| \sum \vert M^{\text{viol}}_g \vert ^2&=&g^{2n-4}_S(Q^2)~N^{n-2} | |||||
| (N^2-1)\\ | |||||
| & &\times \left( \sum_{i<j}\right) | |||||
| \left( | |||||
| \sum_{\text{perm}}\frac{1}{S_{12}S_{23}S_{n1}} | |||||
| \right) | |||||
| \frac{1}{S_{12}}~. | |||||
| \end{eqnarray*} | |||||
| To obtain numbers not normally produced by the automatic numbering, | |||||
| use the \verb+\tag{#1}+ command, where \verb+#1+ is the desired | |||||
| equation number. For example, to get an equation number of | |||||
| (\ref{eq:mynum}), | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| g^+g^+ \rightarrow g^+g^+g^+g^+ \dots ~,~~q^+q^+\rightarrow | |||||
| q^+g^+g^+ \dots ~. \tag{2.6$'$}\label{eq:mynum} | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| A few notes on \verb=\tag{#1}=. \verb+\tag{#1}+ requires | |||||
| \texttt{amsmath}. The \verb+\tag{#1}+ must come before the | |||||
| \verb+\label{#1}+, if any. The numbering set with \verb+\tag{#1}+ is | |||||
| \textit{transparent} to the automatic numbering in REV\TeX{}; | |||||
| therefore, the number must be known ahead of time, and it must be | |||||
| manually adjusted if other equations are added. \verb+\tag{#1}+ works | |||||
| with both single-line and multiline equations. \verb+\tag{#1}+ should | |||||
| only be used in exceptional case - do not use it to number all | |||||
| equations in a paper. | |||||
| Note the equation number gets reset again: | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| g^+g^+g^+ \rightarrow g^+g^+g^+g^+g^+ \dots ~,~~q^+q^+\rightarrow | |||||
| q^+g^+g^+ \dots ~. | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| Enclosing single-line and multiline equations in | |||||
| \verb+\begin{subequations}+ and \verb+\end{subequations}+ will produce | |||||
| a set of equations that are ``numbered'' with letters, as shown in | |||||
| Eqs.~(\ref{subeq:1}) and (\ref{subeq:2}) below: | |||||
| \begin{subequations} | |||||
| \label{eq:whole} | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| \left\{ | |||||
| abc123456abcdef\alpha\beta\gamma\delta1234556\alpha\beta | |||||
| \frac{1\sum^{a}_{b}}{A^2} | |||||
| \right\},\label{subeq:1} | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| {\cal M}=&&ig_Z^2(4E_1E_2)^{1/2}(l_i^2)^{-1} | |||||
| (g_{\sigma_2}^e)^2\chi_{-\sigma_2}(p_2)\nonumber\\ | |||||
| &&\times | |||||
| [\epsilon_i]_{\sigma_1}\chi_{\sigma_1}(p_1).\label{subeq:2} | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| \end{subequations} | |||||
| Putting a \verb+\label{#1}+ command right after the | |||||
| \verb+\begin{subequations}+, allows one to | |||||
| reference all the equations in a subequations environment. For | |||||
| example, the equations in the preceding subequations environment were | |||||
| Eqs.~(\ref{eq:whole}). | |||||
| \subsubsection{Wide equations} | |||||
| The equation that follows is set in a wide format, i.e., it spans | |||||
| across the full page. The wide format is reserved for long equations | |||||
| that cannot be easily broken into four lines or less: | |||||
| \begin{widetext} | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| {\cal R}^{(\text{d})}= | |||||
| g_{\sigma_2}^e | |||||
| \left( | |||||
| \frac{[\Gamma^Z(3,21)]_{\sigma_1}}{Q_{12}^2-M_W^2} | |||||
| +\frac{[\Gamma^Z(13,2)]_{\sigma_1}}{Q_{13}^2-M_W^2} | |||||
| \right) | |||||
| + x_WQ_e | |||||
| \left( | |||||
| \frac{[\Gamma^\gamma(3,21)]_{\sigma_1}}{Q_{12}^2-M_W^2} | |||||
| +\frac{[\Gamma^\gamma(13,2)]_{\sigma_1}}{Q_{13}^2-M_W^2} | |||||
| \right)\;. \label{eq:wideeq} | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| \end{widetext} | |||||
| This is typed to show the output is in wide format. | |||||
| (Since there is no input line between \verb+\equation+ and | |||||
| this paragraph, there is no paragraph indent for this paragraph.) | |||||
| \section{Cross-referencing} | |||||
| REV\TeX{} will automatically number sections, equations, figure | |||||
| captions, and tables. In order to reference them in text, use the | |||||
| \verb+\label{#1}+ and \verb+\ref{#1}+ commands. To reference a | |||||
| particular page, use the \verb+\pageref{#1}+ command. | |||||
| The \verb+\label{#1}+ should appear in a section heading, within an | |||||
| equation, or in a table or figure caption. The \verb+\ref{#1}+ command | |||||
| is used in the text where the citation is to be displayed. Some | |||||
| examples: Section~\ref{sec:level1} on page~\pageref{sec:level1}, | |||||
| Table~\ref{tab:table1},% | |||||
| \begin{table} | |||||
| \caption{\label{tab:table1}This is a narrow table which fits into a | |||||
| text column when using \texttt{twocolumn} formatting. Note that | |||||
| REV\TeX~4 adjusts the intercolumn spacing so that the table fills the | |||||
| entire width of the column. Table captions are numbered | |||||
| automatically. This table illustrates left-aligned, centered, and | |||||
| right-aligned columns. } | |||||
| \begin{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \begin{tabular}{lcr} | |||||
| Left\footnote{Note a.}&Centered\footnote{Note b.}&Right\\ | |||||
| \hline | |||||
| 1 & 2 & 3\\ | |||||
| 10 & 20 & 30\\ | |||||
| 100 & 200 & 300\\ | |||||
| \end{tabular} | |||||
| \end{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \end{table} | |||||
| and Fig.~\ref{fig:epsart}. | |||||
| \section{Figures and Tables} | |||||
| Figures and tables are typically ``floats''; \LaTeX\ determines their | |||||
| final position via placement rules. | |||||
| \LaTeX\ isn't always successful in automatically placing floats where you wish them. | |||||
| Figures are marked up with the \texttt{figure} environment, the content of which | |||||
| imports the image (\verb+\includegraphics+) followed by the figure caption (\verb+\caption+). | |||||
| The argument of the latter command should itself contain a \verb+\label+ command if you | |||||
| wish to refer to your figure with \verb+\ref+. | |||||
| Import your image using either the \texttt{graphics} or | |||||
| \texttt{graphix} packages. These packages both define the | |||||
| \verb+\includegraphics{#1}+ command, but they differ in the optional | |||||
| arguments for specifying the orientation, scaling, and translation of the figure. | |||||
| Fig.~\ref{fig:epsart}% | |||||
| \begin{figure} | |||||
| \includegraphics{fig_1}% Here is how to import EPS art | |||||
| \caption{\label{fig:epsart} A figure caption. The figure captions are | |||||
| automatically numbered.} | |||||
| \end{figure} | |||||
| is small enough to fit in a single column, while | |||||
| Fig.~\ref{fig:wide}% | |||||
| \begin{figure*} | |||||
| \includegraphics{fig_2}% Here is how to import EPS art | |||||
| \caption{\label{fig:wide}Use the \texttt{figure*} environment to get a wide | |||||
| figure, spanning the page in \texttt{twocolumn} formatting.} | |||||
| \end{figure*} | |||||
| is too wide for a single column, | |||||
| so instead the \texttt{figure*} environment has been used. | |||||
| The analog of the \texttt{figure} environment is \texttt{table}, which uses | |||||
| the same \verb+\caption+ command. | |||||
| However, you should type your caption command first within the \texttt{table}, | |||||
| instead of last as you did for \texttt{figure}. | |||||
| The heart of any table is the \texttt{tabular} environment, | |||||
| which represents the table content as a (vertical) sequence of table rows, | |||||
| each containing a (horizontal) sequence of table cells. | |||||
| Cells are separated by the \verb+&+ character; | |||||
| the row terminates with \verb+\\+. | |||||
| The required argument for the \texttt{tabular} environment | |||||
| specifies how data are displayed in each of the columns. | |||||
| For instance, a column | |||||
| may be centered (\verb+c+), left-justified (\verb+l+), right-justified (\verb+r+), | |||||
| or aligned on a decimal point (\verb+d+). | |||||
| (Table~\ref{tab:table4}% | |||||
| \begin{table} | |||||
| \caption{\label{tab:table4}Numbers in columns Three--Five have been | |||||
| aligned by using the ``d'' column specifier (requires the | |||||
| \texttt{dcolumn} package). | |||||
| Non-numeric entries (those entries without | |||||
| a ``.'') in a ``d'' column are aligned on the decimal point. | |||||
| Use the | |||||
| ``D'' specifier for more complex layouts. } | |||||
| \begin{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \begin{tabular}{ccddd} | |||||
| One&Two&\mbox{Three}&\mbox{Four}&\mbox{Five}\\ | |||||
| \hline | |||||
| one&two&\mbox{three}&\mbox{four}&\mbox{five}\\ | |||||
| He&2& 2.77234 & 45672. & 0.69 \\ | |||||
| C\footnote{Some tables require footnotes.} | |||||
| &C\footnote{Some tables need more than one footnote.} | |||||
| & 12537.64 & 37.66345 & 86.37 \\ | |||||
| \end{tabular} | |||||
| \end{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \end{table} | |||||
| illustrates the use of decimal column alignment.) | |||||
| Extra column-spacing may be be specified as well, although | |||||
| REV\TeX~4 sets this spacing so that the columns fill the width of the | |||||
| table. | |||||
| Horizontal rules are typeset using the \verb+\hline+ | |||||
| command. | |||||
| The doubled (or Scotch) rules that appear at the top and | |||||
| bottom of a table can be achieved by enclosing the \texttt{tabular} | |||||
| environment within a \texttt{ruledtabular} environment. | |||||
| Rows whose columns span multiple columns can be typeset using \LaTeX's | |||||
| \verb+\multicolumn{#1}{#2}{#3}+ command | |||||
| (for example, see the first row of Table~\ref{tab:table3}).% | |||||
| \begin{table*} | |||||
| \caption{\label{tab:table3}This is a wide table that spans the page | |||||
| width in \texttt{twocolumn} mode. It is formatted using the | |||||
| \texttt{table*} environment. It also demonstrates the use of | |||||
| \textbackslash\texttt{multicolumn} in rows with entries that span | |||||
| more than one column.} | |||||
| \begin{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \begin{tabular}{ccccc} | |||||
| &\multicolumn{2}{c}{$D_{4h}^1$}&\multicolumn{2}{c}{$D_{4h}^5$}\\ | |||||
| Ion&1st alternative&2nd alternative&lst alternative | |||||
| &2nd alternative\\ \hline | |||||
| K&$(2e)+(2f)$&$(4i)$ &$(2c)+(2d)$&$(4f)$ \\ | |||||
| Mn&$(2g)$\footnote{The $z$ parameter of these positions is $z\sim\frac{1}{4}$.} | |||||
| &$(a)+(b)+(c)+(d)$&$(4e)$&$(2a)+(2b)$\\ | |||||
| Cl&$(a)+(b)+(c)+(d)$&$(2g)$\footnote{This is a footnote in a table that spans the full page | |||||
| width in \texttt{twocolumn} mode. It is supposed to set on the full width of the page, just as the caption does. } | |||||
| &$(4e)^{\text{a}}$\\ | |||||
| He&$(8r)^{\text{a}}$&$(4j)^{\text{a}}$&$(4g)^{\text{a}}$\\ | |||||
| Ag& &$(4k)^{\text{a}}$& &$(4h)^{\text{a}}$\\ | |||||
| \end{tabular} | |||||
| \end{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \end{table*} | |||||
| The tables in this document illustrate various effects. | |||||
| Tables that fit in a narrow column are contained in a \texttt{table} | |||||
| environment. | |||||
| Table~\ref{tab:table3} is a wide table, therefore set with the | |||||
| \texttt{table*} environment. | |||||
| Lengthy tables may need to break across pages. | |||||
| A simple way to allow this is to specify | |||||
| the \verb+[H]+ float placement on the \texttt{table} or | |||||
| \texttt{table*} environment. | |||||
| Alternatively, using the standard \LaTeXe\ package \texttt{longtable} | |||||
| gives more control over how tables break and allows headers and footers | |||||
| to be specified for each page of the table. | |||||
| An example of the use of \texttt{longtable} can be found | |||||
| in the file \texttt{summary.tex} that is included with the REV\TeX~4 | |||||
| distribution. | |||||
| There are two methods for setting footnotes within a table (these | |||||
| footnotes will be displayed directly below the table rather than at | |||||
| the bottom of the page or in the bibliography). | |||||
| The easiest | |||||
| and preferred method is just to use the \verb+\footnote{#1}+ | |||||
| command. This will automatically enumerate the footnotes with | |||||
| lowercase roman letters. | |||||
| However, it is sometimes necessary to have | |||||
| multiple entries in the table share the same footnote. | |||||
| In this case, | |||||
| create the footnotes using | |||||
| \verb+\footnotemark[#1]+ and \verb+\footnotetext[#1]{#2}+. | |||||
| \texttt{\#1} is a numeric value. | |||||
| Each time the same value for \texttt{\#1} is used, | |||||
| the same mark is produced in the table. | |||||
| The \verb+\footnotetext[#1]{#2}+ commands are placed after the \texttt{tabular} | |||||
| environment. | |||||
| Examine the \LaTeX\ source and output for Tables~\ref{tab:table1} and | |||||
| \ref{tab:table2}% | |||||
| \begin{table} | |||||
| \caption{\label{tab:table2}A table with more columns still fits | |||||
| properly in a column. Note that several entries share the same | |||||
| footnote. Inspect the \LaTeX\ input for this table to see | |||||
| exactly how it is done.} | |||||
| \begin{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \begin{tabular}{cccccccc} | |||||
| &$r_c$ (\AA)&$r_0$ (\AA)&$\kappa r_0$& | |||||
| &$r_c$ (\AA) &$r_0$ (\AA)&$\kappa r_0$\\ | |||||
| \hline | |||||
| Cu& 0.800 & 14.10 & 2.550 &Sn\footnotemark[1] | |||||
| & 0.680 & 1.870 & 3.700 \\ | |||||
| Ag& 0.990 & 15.90 & 2.710 &Pb\footnotemark[2] | |||||
| & 0.450 & 1.930 & 3.760 \\ | |||||
| Au& 1.150 & 15.90 & 2.710 &Ca\footnotemark[3] | |||||
| & 0.750 & 2.170 & 3.560 \\ | |||||
| Mg& 0.490 & 17.60 & 3.200 &Sr\footnotemark[4] | |||||
| & 0.900 & 2.370 & 3.720 \\ | |||||
| Zn& 0.300 & 15.20 & 2.970 &Li\footnotemark[2] | |||||
| & 0.380 & 1.730 & 2.830 \\ | |||||
| Cd& 0.530 & 17.10 & 3.160 &Na\footnotemark[5] | |||||
| & 0.760 & 2.110 & 3.120 \\ | |||||
| Hg& 0.550 & 17.80 & 3.220 &K\footnotemark[5] | |||||
| & 1.120 & 2.620 & 3.480 \\ | |||||
| Al& 0.230 & 15.80 & 3.240 &Rb\footnotemark[3] | |||||
| & 1.330 & 2.800 & 3.590 \\ | |||||
| Ga& 0.310 & 16.70 & 3.330 &Cs\footnotemark[4] | |||||
| & 1.420 & 3.030 & 3.740 \\ | |||||
| In& 0.460 & 18.40 & 3.500 &Ba\footnotemark[5] | |||||
| & 0.960 & 2.460 & 3.780 \\ | |||||
| Tl& 0.480 & 18.90 & 3.550 & & & & \\ | |||||
| \end{tabular} | |||||
| \end{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \footnotetext[1]{Here's the first, from Ref.~\onlinecite{feyn54}.} | |||||
| \footnotetext[2]{Here's the second.} | |||||
| \footnotetext[3]{Here's the third.} | |||||
| \footnotetext[4]{Here's the fourth.} | |||||
| \footnotetext[5]{And etc.} | |||||
| \end{table} | |||||
| for an illustration. | |||||
| All AAPM journals require that the initial citation of | |||||
| figures or tables be in numerical order. | |||||
| \LaTeX's automatic numbering of floats is your friend here: | |||||
| just put each \texttt{figure} environment immediately following | |||||
| its first reference (\verb+\ref+), as we have done in this example file. | |||||
| \begin{acknowledgments} | |||||
| We wish to acknowledge the support of the author community in using | |||||
| REV\TeX{}, offering suggestions and encouragement, testing new versions, | |||||
| \dots. | |||||
| \end{acknowledgments} | |||||
| \appendix | |||||
| \section{Appendixes} | |||||
| To start the appendixes, use the \verb+\appendix+ command. | |||||
| This signals that all following section commands refer to appendixes | |||||
| instead of regular sections. Therefore, the \verb+\appendix+ command | |||||
| should be used only once---to set up the section commands to act as | |||||
| appendixes. Thereafter normal section commands are used. The heading | |||||
| for a section can be left empty. For example, | |||||
| \begin{verbatim} | |||||
| \appendix | |||||
| \section{} | |||||
| \end{verbatim} | |||||
| will produce an appendix heading that says ``APPENDIX A'' and | |||||
| \begin{verbatim} | |||||
| \appendix | |||||
| \section{Background} | |||||
| \end{verbatim} | |||||
| will produce an appendix heading that says ``APPENDIX A: BACKGROUND'' | |||||
| (note that the colon is set automatically). | |||||
| If there is only one appendix, then the letter ``A'' should not | |||||
| appear. This is suppressed by using the star version of the appendix | |||||
| command (\verb+\appendix*+ in the place of \verb+\appendix+). | |||||
| \section{A little more on appendixes} | |||||
| Observe that this appendix was started by using | |||||
| \begin{verbatim} | |||||
| \section{A little more on appendixes} | |||||
| \end{verbatim} | |||||
| Note the equation number in an appendix: | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| E=mc^2. | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| \subsection{\label{app:subsec}A subsection in an appendix} | |||||
| You can use a subsection or subsubsection in an appendix. Note the | |||||
| numbering: we are now in Appendix~\ref{app:subsec}. | |||||
| \subsubsection{\label{app:subsubsec}A subsubsection in an appendix} | |||||
| Note the equation numbers in this appendix, produced with the | |||||
| subequations environment: | |||||
| \begin{subequations} | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| E&=&mc, \label{appa} | |||||
| \\ | |||||
| E&=&mc^2, \label{appb} | |||||
| \\ | |||||
| E&\agt& mc^3. \label{appc} | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| \end{subequations} | |||||
| They turn out to be Eqs.~(\ref{appa}), (\ref{appb}), and (\ref{appc}). | |||||
| \nocite{*} | |||||
| \bibliography{aapmsamp}% Produces the bibliography via BibTeX. | |||||
| \end{document} | |||||
| % | |||||
| % ****** End of file aapmsamp.tex ****** | |||||
+ 482
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| @ -0,0 +1,482 @@ | |||||
| @PREAMBLE{ | |||||
| "\providecommand{\noopsort}[1]{}" | |||||
| # "\providecommand{\singleletter}[1]{#1}%" | |||||
| } | |||||
| @BOOK{Bire82, | |||||
| author = {N. D. Birell and P. C. W. Davies}, | |||||
| year = 1982, | |||||
| title = {Quantum Fields in Curved Space}, | |||||
| publisher = {Cambridge University Press} | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{feyn54, | |||||
| author = "R. P. Feynman", | |||||
| year = "1954", | |||||
| journal = "Phys.\ Rev.", | |||||
| volume = "94", | |||||
| pages = "262", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{epr, | |||||
| author = "A. Einstein and {\relax Yu} Podolsky and N. Rosen", | |||||
| year = "1935", | |||||
| journal = "Phys.\ Rev.", | |||||
| volume = "47", | |||||
| pages = "777", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Berman1983, | |||||
| author = "Berman, Jr., G. P. and Izrailev, Jr., F. M.", | |||||
| title = "Stability of nonlinear modes", | |||||
| journal = "Physica D", | |||||
| volume = "88", | |||||
| pages = "445", | |||||
| year = "1983", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Davies1998, | |||||
| author = "E. B. Davies and L. Parns", | |||||
| title = "Trapped modes in acoustic waveguides", | |||||
| journal = "Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math.", | |||||
| volume = "51", | |||||
| pages = "477--492", | |||||
| year = "1988", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MISC{witten2001, | |||||
| author = "Edward Witten", | |||||
| eprint = "hep-th/0106109", | |||||
| year = "2001", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INBOOK{Beutler1994, | |||||
| author = "E. Beutler", | |||||
| editor = "E. Beutler and M. A. Lichtman and B. W. Coller and T. S. Kipps", | |||||
| title = "Williams Hematology", | |||||
| chapter = "7", | |||||
| pages = "654--662", | |||||
| publisher = "McGraw-Hill", | |||||
| year = "1994", | |||||
| edition = "5", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| volume = "2", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INBOOK{inbook-full, | |||||
| author = "Donald E. Knuth", | |||||
| title = "Fundamental Algorithms", | |||||
| volume = 1, | |||||
| series = "The Art of Computer Programming", | |||||
| publisher = "Addison-Wesley", | |||||
| address = "Reading, Massachusetts", | |||||
| edition = "Second", | |||||
| month = "10~" # jan, | |||||
| year = "\noopsort{1973b}1973", | |||||
| type = "Section", | |||||
| chapter = "1.2", | |||||
| pages = "10--119", | |||||
| note = "A full INBOOK entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Smith2005, | |||||
| author = "J. S. Smith and G. W. Johnson", | |||||
| journal = "Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| year = "2005", | |||||
| volume = "777", | |||||
| pages = "1395", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @UNPUBLISHED{Smith2010, | |||||
| author = "W. J. Smith and T. J. Johnson and B. G. Miller", | |||||
| title = "Surface chemistry and preferential crystal orientation on a silicon surface", | |||||
| note = "{J. Appl. Phys.} (unpublished)", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| year = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @UNPUBLISHED{Smith2010a, | |||||
| author = "V. K. Smith and K. Johnson and M. O. Klein", | |||||
| title = "Surface chemistry and preferential crystal orientation on a silicon surface", | |||||
| note = "{J. Appl. Phys.} (submitted)", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| year = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @UNPUBLISHED{unpublished-full, | |||||
| author = "Ulrich {\"{U}}nderwood and Ned {\~N}et and Paul {\={P}}ot", | |||||
| title = "Lower Bounds for Wishful Research Results", | |||||
| month = nov # ", " # dec, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "Talk at Fanstord University (A full UNPUBLISHED entry)", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MISC{JohnsonMillerSmith2007, | |||||
| author = "M. P. Johnson and K. L. Miller and K. Smith", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| howpublished = "personal communication", | |||||
| month = "1~" # may, | |||||
| year = "2007", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PROCEEDINGS{Smith2007, | |||||
| title = "AIP Conf. Proc.", | |||||
| year = "2007", | |||||
| editor = "J. Smith", | |||||
| volume = "841", | |||||
| number = "21", | |||||
| series = "", | |||||
| address = "", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| organization = "", | |||||
| publisher = "", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PROCEEDINGS{proceedings-full, | |||||
| editor = "Wizard V. Oz and Mihalis Yannakakis", | |||||
| title = "Proc. Fifteenth Annual", | |||||
| number = 17, | |||||
| series = "All ACM Conferences", | |||||
| month = mar, | |||||
| year = 1983, | |||||
| address = "Boston", | |||||
| organization = "ACM", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| note = "A full PROCEEDINGS entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @UNPUBLISHED{Burstyn2004, | |||||
| author = "Y. Burstyn", | |||||
| title = "{Proceedings of the 5th International Molecular Beam Epitaxy Conference, Santa Fe, NM}", | |||||
| note = "(unpublished)", | |||||
| month = "5--8~" # oct, | |||||
| year = "2004", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PROCEEDINGS{Quinn2001, | |||||
| title = "{Proceedings of the 2003 Particle Accelerator Conference, Portland, OR, 12-16 May 2005}", | |||||
| year = "2001", | |||||
| editor = "B. Quinn", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| publisher = "Wiley", | |||||
| note = "Albeit the conference was held in 2005, it was the 2003 conference, and the proceedings were published in 2001; go figure", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Agarwal2001, | |||||
| author = "A. G. Agarwal", | |||||
| title = "{Proceedings of the Fifth Low Temperature Conference, Madison, WI, 1999}", | |||||
| journal = "Semiconductors", | |||||
| year = "2001", | |||||
| volume = "66", | |||||
| pages = "1238", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{SmithDA01, | |||||
| author = "R. Smith", | |||||
| title = "Hummingbirds are our friends", | |||||
| journal = {J. Appl. Phys. (these proceedings)}, | |||||
| year = "", | |||||
| volume = "", | |||||
| number = "", | |||||
| pages = "", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| note = "Abstract No. DA-01", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Smith2007a, | |||||
| author = "J. Smith", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| journal = "Proc. SPIE", | |||||
| year = "2007", | |||||
| volume = "124", | |||||
| pages = "367", | |||||
| note = "Required title is missing", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @TECHREPORT{techreport-full, | |||||
| author = "Tom T{\'{e}}rrific", | |||||
| title = "An {$O(n \log n / \! \log\log n)$} Sorting Algorithm", | |||||
| institution = "Fanstord University", | |||||
| type = "Wishful Research Result", | |||||
| number = "7", | |||||
| address = "Computer Science Department, Fanstord, California", | |||||
| month = oct, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "A full TECHREPORT entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @TECHREPORT{Nelson1999, | |||||
| author = "J. Nelson", | |||||
| type = "{TWI Report}", | |||||
| number = "666/1999", | |||||
| institution = "", | |||||
| year = jan # "~1999", | |||||
| note = "Required institution missing", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @TECHREPORT{Fields2005, | |||||
| author = "W. K. Fields", | |||||
| type = "{ECE Report No.}", | |||||
| number = "AL944", | |||||
| institution = "", | |||||
| year = "2005", | |||||
| note = "Required institution missing", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MISC{Zalkins2008, | |||||
| author = "Y. M. Zalkins", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| howpublished = "e-print arXiv:cond-mat/040426", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| year = "2008", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MISC{Nelson2005, | |||||
| author = "J. Nelson", | |||||
| howpublished = "{U.S. Patent No.} 5,693,000", | |||||
| year = "12~" # dec # "~2005", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MASTERSTHESIS{Nelson1999a, | |||||
| author = "J. K. Nelson", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| school = "New York University", | |||||
| year = "1999", | |||||
| type = "M.{S}. thesis", | |||||
| address = "", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MASTERSTHESIS{mastersthesis-full, | |||||
| author = "{\'{E}}douard Masterly", | |||||
| title = "Mastering Thesis Writing", | |||||
| school = "Stanford University", | |||||
| type = "Master's project", | |||||
| address = "English Department", | |||||
| month = jun # "-" # aug, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "A full MASTERSTHESIS entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PHDTHESIS{Smith2003, | |||||
| author = "S. M. Smith", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| school = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", | |||||
| year = "2003", | |||||
| type = "{Ph.D.} thesis", | |||||
| address = "", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{KawaLin2003, | |||||
| author = "S. R. Kawa and S.-J. Lin", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| journal = "J. Geophys. Res.", | |||||
| year = "2003", | |||||
| volume = "108", | |||||
| number = "D6", | |||||
| pages = "4201", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| note = "{DOI:10.1029/2002JD002268}", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PHDTHESIS{phdthesis-full, | |||||
| author = "F. Phidias Phony-Baloney", | |||||
| title = "Fighting Fire with Fire: Festooning {F}rench Phrases", | |||||
| school = "Fanstord University", | |||||
| type = "{PhD} Dissertation", | |||||
| address = "Department of French", | |||||
| month = jun # "-" # aug, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "A full PHDTHESIS entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @BOOK{book-full, | |||||
| author = "Donald E. Knuth", | |||||
| title = "Seminumerical Algorithms", | |||||
| volume = 2, | |||||
| series = "The Art of Computer Programming", | |||||
| publisher = "Addison-Wesley", | |||||
| address = "Reading, Massachusetts", | |||||
| edition = "Second", | |||||
| month = "10~" # jan, | |||||
| year = "\noopsort{1973c}1981", | |||||
| note = "A full BOOK entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @BOOKLET{booklet-full, | |||||
| author = "Jill C. Knvth", | |||||
| title = "The Programming of Computer Art", | |||||
| howpublished = "Vernier Art Center", | |||||
| address = "Stanford, California", | |||||
| month = feb, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "A full BOOKLET entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INBOOK{ballagh2000, | |||||
| author = "R. Ballagh and C.M. Savage", | |||||
| editor = "C.M. Savage and M. Das", | |||||
| title = "Bose-Einstein condensation: from atomic physics to quantum fluids, Proceedings of the 13th Physics Summer School", | |||||
| year = "2000", | |||||
| publisher = "World Scientific", | |||||
| address = "Singapore", | |||||
| eprint = "cond-mat/0008070", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @inBook{Magnetism, | |||||
| author = "W. Opechowski and R. Guccione", | |||||
| title = "Introduction to the Theory of Normal Metals", | |||||
| volume = "IIa", | |||||
| pages = "105", | |||||
| editor = "G. T. Rado and H. Suhl", | |||||
| booktitle = "Magnetism", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| } | |||||
| year = "1965", | |||||
| @INPROCEEDINGS{Magnetismb, | |||||
| author = "W. Opechowski and R. Guccione", | |||||
| title = "Introduction to the Theory of Normal Metals", | |||||
| editor = "G. T. Rado and H. Suhl", | |||||
| booktitle = "Magnetism", | |||||
| volume = "IIa", | |||||
| pages = "105", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| year = "1965", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INBOOK{Smith80, | |||||
| author = "J. M. Smith", | |||||
| title = "Molecular Dynamics", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic", | |||||
| year = "1980", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| editor = "C. Brown", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @article{ZS71, | |||||
| author = "V. E. Zakharov and A. B. Shabat", | |||||
| year = "1971", | |||||
| title = "Exact theory of two-dimensional self-focusing and one-dimensional self-modulation of waves in nonlinear media", | |||||
| journal = "Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.", | |||||
| volume = "61", | |||||
| pages = "118--134", | |||||
| translation = "Sov. Phys. JETP \textbf{34}, 62 (1972)" | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{Beutler1994a, | |||||
| author = "E. Beutler", | |||||
| year = "1994", | |||||
| booktitle = "Williams Hematology", | |||||
| edition = "5", | |||||
| chapter = "7", | |||||
| editor = "E. Beutler and M. A. Lichtman and B. W. Coller and T. S. Kipps", | |||||
| publisher = "McGraw-Hill", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| volume = "2", | |||||
| pages = "654--662", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{ballagh2000a, | |||||
| author = "R. Ballagh and C.M. Savage", | |||||
| year = "2000", | |||||
| title = "Bose-Einstein condensation: from atomic physics to quantum fluids", | |||||
| booktitle = "Proceedings of the 13th Physics Summer School", | |||||
| editor = "C.M. Savage and M. Das", | |||||
| publisher = "World Scientific", | |||||
| address = "Singapore", | |||||
| eprint = "cond-mat/0008070", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{Magnetisma, | |||||
| author = "W. Opechowski and R. Guccione", | |||||
| year = "1965", | |||||
| title = "Introduction to the Theory of Normal Metals", | |||||
| booktitle = "Magnetism", | |||||
| editor = "G. T. Rado and H. Suhl", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| volume = "IIa", | |||||
| pages = "105", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{Smith80a, | |||||
| author = "J. M. Smith", | |||||
| year = "1980", | |||||
| booktitle = "Molecular Dynamics", | |||||
| editor = "C. Brown", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{incollection-full, | |||||
| key = "incol-ful", | |||||
| author = "Daniel D. Lincoll", | |||||
| year = 1977, | |||||
| title = "Semigroups of Recurrences", | |||||
| booktitle = "High Speed Computer and Algorithm Organization", | |||||
| edition = "Third", | |||||
| series = "Fast Computers", | |||||
| number = 23, | |||||
| chapter = 3, | |||||
| type = "Part", | |||||
| editor = "David J. Lipcoll and D. H. Lawrie and A. H. Sameh", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| month = sep, | |||||
| pages = "179--183", | |||||
| note = "A full INCOLLECTION entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INPROCEEDINGS{inproceedings-full, | |||||
| author = "Alfred V. Oaho and Jeffrey D. Ullman and Mihalis Yannakakis", | |||||
| title = "On Notions of Information Transfer in {VLSI} Circuits", | |||||
| editor = "Wizard V. Oz and Mihalis Yannakakis", | |||||
| booktitle = "Proc. Fifteenth Annual ACM", | |||||
| number = 17, | |||||
| series = "All ACM Conferences", | |||||
| pages = "133--139", | |||||
| month = mar, | |||||
| year = 1983, | |||||
| address = "Boston", | |||||
| organization = "ACM", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| note = "A full INPROCEDINGS entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MANUAL{manual-full, | |||||
| author = "Larry Manmaker", | |||||
| title = "The Definitive Computer Manual", | |||||
| organization = "Chips-R-Us", | |||||
| address = "Silicon Valley", | |||||
| edition = "Silver", | |||||
| month = apr # "-" # may, | |||||
| year = 1986, | |||||
| note = "A full MANUAL entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
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| @ -0,0 +1,610 @@ | |||||
| % ****** Start of file aipsamp.tex ****** | |||||
| % | |||||
| % This file is part of the AIP files in the AIP distribution for REVTeX 4. | |||||
| % Version 4.2a of REVTeX, December 2014 | |||||
| % | |||||
| % Copyright (c) 2014 American Institute of Physics. | |||||
| % | |||||
| % See the AIP README file for restrictions and more information. | |||||
| % | |||||
| % TeX'ing this file requires that you have AMS-LaTeX 2.0 installed | |||||
| % as well as the rest of the prerequisites for REVTeX 4.2 | |||||
| % | |||||
| % It also requires running BibTeX. The commands are as follows: | |||||
| % | |||||
| % 1) latex aipsamp | |||||
| % 2) bibtex aipsamp | |||||
| % 3) latex aipsamp | |||||
| % 4) latex aipsamp | |||||
| % | |||||
| % Use this file as a source of example code for your aip document. | |||||
| % Use the file aiptemplate.tex as a template for your document. | |||||
| \documentclass[% | |||||
| aip, | |||||
| jmp,% | |||||
| amsmath,amssymb, | |||||
| %preprint,% | |||||
| reprint,% | |||||
| %author-year,% | |||||
| %author-numerical,% | |||||
| ]{revtex4-2} | |||||
| \usepackage{graphicx}% Include figure files | |||||
| \usepackage{dcolumn}% Align table columns on decimal point | |||||
| \usepackage{bm}% bold math | |||||
| %\usepackage[mathlines]{lineno}% Enable numbering of text and display math | |||||
| %\linenumbers\relax % Commence numbering lines | |||||
| \begin{document} | |||||
| \preprint{AIP/123-QED} | |||||
| \title[Sample title]{Sample Title:\\with Forced Linebreak\footnote{Error!}}% Force line breaks with \\ | |||||
| \thanks{Footnote to title of article.} | |||||
| \author{A. Author} | |||||
| \altaffiliation[Also at ]{Physics Department, XYZ University.}%Lines break automatically or can be forced with \\ | |||||
| \author{B. Author}% | |||||
| \email{Second.Author@institution.edu.} | |||||
| \affiliation{ | |||||
| Authors' institution and/or address%\\This line break forced with \textbackslash\textbackslash | |||||
| }% | |||||
| \author{C. Author} | |||||
| \homepage{http://www.Second.institution.edu/~Charlie.Author.} | |||||
| \affiliation{% | |||||
| Second institution and/or address%\\This line break forced% with \\ | |||||
| }% | |||||
| \date{\today}% It is always \today, today, | |||||
| % but any date may be explicitly specified | |||||
| \begin{abstract} | |||||
| An article usually includes an abstract, a concise summary of the work | |||||
| covered at length in the main body of the article. It is used for | |||||
| secondary publications and for information retrieval purposes. | |||||
| % | |||||
| \end{abstract} | |||||
| \keywords{Suggested keywords}%Use showkeys class option if keyword | |||||
| %display desired | |||||
| \maketitle | |||||
| \begin{quotation} | |||||
| The ``lead paragraph'' is encapsulated with the \LaTeX\ | |||||
| \verb+quotation+ environment and is formatted as a single paragraph before the first section heading. | |||||
| (The \verb+quotation+ environment reverts to its usual meaning after the first sectioning command.) | |||||
| Note that numbered references are allowed in the lead paragraph. | |||||
| % | |||||
| The lead paragraph will only be found in an article being prepared for the journal \textit{Chaos}. | |||||
| \end{quotation} | |||||
| \section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading:\protect\\ The line | |||||
| break was forced \lowercase{via} \textbackslash\textbackslash} | |||||
| This sample document demonstrates proper use of REV\TeX~4.2 (and | |||||
| \LaTeXe) in manuscripts prepared for submission to AIP | |||||
| journals. Further information can be found in the documentation included in the distribution or available at | |||||
| \url{http://authors.aip.org} and in the documentation for | |||||
| REV\TeX~4.2 itself. | |||||
| When commands are referred to in this example file, they are always | |||||
| shown with their required arguments, using normal \TeX{} format. In | |||||
| this format, \verb+#1+, \verb+#2+, etc. stand for required | |||||
| author-supplied arguments to commands. For example, in | |||||
| \verb+\section{#1}+ the \verb+#1+ stands for the title text of the | |||||
| author's section heading, and in \verb+\title{#1}+ the \verb+#1+ | |||||
| stands for the title text of the paper. | |||||
| Line breaks in section headings at all levels can be introduced using | |||||
| \textbackslash\textbackslash. A blank input line tells \TeX\ that the | |||||
| paragraph has ended. | |||||
| \subsection{\label{sec:level2}Second-level heading: Formatting} | |||||
| This file may be formatted in both the \texttt{preprint} (the default) and | |||||
| \texttt{reprint} styles; the latter format may be used to | |||||
| mimic final journal output. Either format may be used for submission | |||||
| purposes; however, for peer review and production, AIP will format the | |||||
| article using the \texttt{preprint} class option. Hence, it is | |||||
| essential that authors check that their manuscripts format acceptably | |||||
| under \texttt{preprint}. Manuscripts submitted to AIP that do not | |||||
| format correctly under the \texttt{preprint} option may be delayed in | |||||
| both the editorial and production processes. | |||||
| The \texttt{widetext} environment will make the text the width of the | |||||
| full page, as on page~\pageref{eq:wideeq}. (Note the use the | |||||
| \verb+\pageref{#1}+ to get the page number right automatically.) The | |||||
| width-changing commands only take effect in \texttt{twocolumn} | |||||
| formatting. It has no effect if \texttt{preprint} formatting is chosen | |||||
| instead. | |||||
| \subsubsection{\label{sec:level3}Third-level heading: Citations and Footnotes} | |||||
| Citations in text refer to entries in the Bibliography; | |||||
| they use the commands \verb+\cite{#1}+ or \verb+\onlinecite{#1}+. | |||||
| Because REV\TeX\ uses the \verb+natbib+ package of Patrick Daly, | |||||
| its entire repertoire of commands are available in your document; | |||||
| see the \verb+natbib+ documentation for further details. | |||||
| The argument of \verb+\cite+ is a comma-separated list of \emph{keys}; | |||||
| a key may consist of letters and numerals. | |||||
| By default, citations are numerical; \cite{feyn54} author-year citations are an option. | |||||
| To give a textual citation, use \verb+\onlinecite{#1}+: (Refs.~\onlinecite{witten2001,epr,Bire82}). | |||||
| REV\TeX\ ``collapses'' lists of consecutive numerical citations when appropriate. | |||||
| REV\TeX\ provides the ability to properly punctuate textual citations in author-year style; | |||||
| this facility works correctly with numerical citations only with \texttt{natbib}'s compress option turned off. | |||||
| To illustrate, we cite several together \cite{feyn54,witten2001,epr,Berman1983}, | |||||
| and once again (Refs.~\onlinecite{epr,feyn54,Bire82,Berman1983}). | |||||
| Note that, when numerical citations are used, the references were sorted into the same order they appear in the bibliography. | |||||
| A reference within the bibliography is specified with a \verb+\bibitem{#1}+ command, | |||||
| where the argument is the citation key mentioned above. | |||||
| \verb+\bibitem{#1}+ commands may be crafted by hand or, preferably, | |||||
| generated by using Bib\TeX. | |||||
| The AIP styles for REV\TeX~4 include Bib\TeX\ style files | |||||
| \verb+aipnum.bst+ and \verb+aipauth.bst+, appropriate for | |||||
| numbered and author-year bibliographies, | |||||
| respectively. | |||||
| REV\TeX~4 will automatically choose the style appropriate for | |||||
| the document's selected class options: the default is numerical, and | |||||
| you obtain the author-year style by specifying a class option of \verb+author-year+. | |||||
| This sample file demonstrates a simple use of Bib\TeX\ | |||||
| via a \verb+\bibliography+ command referencing the \verb+aipsamp.bib+ file. | |||||
| Running Bib\TeX\ (in this case \texttt{bibtex | |||||
| aipsamp}) after the first pass of \LaTeX\ produces the file | |||||
| \verb+aipsamp.bbl+ which contains the automatically formatted | |||||
| \verb+\bibitem+ commands (including extra markup information via | |||||
| \verb+\bibinfo+ commands). If not using Bib\TeX, the | |||||
| \verb+thebibiliography+ environment should be used instead. | |||||
| \paragraph{Fourth-level heading is run in.}% | |||||
| Footnotes are produced using the \verb+\footnote{#1}+ command. | |||||
| Numerical style citations put footnotes into the | |||||
| bibliography\footnote{Automatically placing footnotes into the bibliography requires using BibTeX to compile the bibliography.}. | |||||
| Author-year and numerical author-year citation styles (each for its own reason) cannot use this method. | |||||
| Note: due to the method used to place footnotes in the bibliography, \emph{you | |||||
| must re-run BibTeX every time you change any of your document's | |||||
| footnotes}. | |||||
| \section{Math and Equations} | |||||
| Inline math may be typeset using the \verb+$+ delimiters. Bold math | |||||
| symbols may be achieved using the \verb+bm+ package and the | |||||
| \verb+\bm{#1}+ command it supplies. For instance, a bold $\alpha$ can | |||||
| be typeset as \verb+$\bm{\alpha}$+ giving $\bm{\alpha}$. Fraktur and | |||||
| Blackboard (or open face or double struck) characters should be | |||||
| typeset using the \verb+\mathfrak{#1}+ and \verb+\mathbb{#1}+ commands | |||||
| respectively. Both are supplied by the \texttt{amssymb} package. For | |||||
| example, \verb+$\mathbb{R}$+ gives $\mathbb{R}$ and | |||||
| \verb+$\mathfrak{G}$+ gives $\mathfrak{G}$ | |||||
| In \LaTeX\ there are many different ways to display equations, and a | |||||
| few preferred ways are noted below. Displayed math will center by | |||||
| default. Use the class option \verb+fleqn+ to flush equations left. | |||||
| Below we have numbered single-line equations, the most common kind: | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| \chi_+(p)\alt{\bf [}2|{\bf p}|(|{\bf p}|+p_z){\bf ]}^{-1/2} | |||||
| \left( | |||||
| \begin{array}{c} | |||||
| |{\bf p}|+p_z\\ | |||||
| px+ip_y | |||||
| \end{array}\right)\;, | |||||
| \\ | |||||
| \left\{% | |||||
| \openone234567890abc123\alpha\beta\gamma\delta1234556\alpha\beta | |||||
| \frac{1\sum^{a}_{b}}{A^2}% | |||||
| \right\}% | |||||
| \label{eq:one}. | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| Note the open one in Eq.~(\ref{eq:one}). | |||||
| Not all numbered equations will fit within a narrow column this | |||||
| way. The equation number will move down automatically if it cannot fit | |||||
| on the same line with a one-line equation: | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| \left\{ | |||||
| ab12345678abc123456abcdef\alpha\beta\gamma\delta1234556\alpha\beta | |||||
| \frac{1\sum^{a}_{b}}{A^2}% | |||||
| \right\}. | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| When the \verb+\label{#1}+ command is used [cf. input for | |||||
| Eq.~(\ref{eq:one})], the equation can be referred to in text without | |||||
| knowing the equation number that \TeX\ will assign to it. Just | |||||
| use \verb+\ref{#1}+, where \verb+#1+ is the same name that used in | |||||
| the \verb+\label{#1}+ command. | |||||
| Unnumbered single-line equations can be typeset | |||||
| using the \verb+\[+, \verb+\]+ format: | |||||
| \[g^+g^+ \rightarrow g^+g^+g^+g^+ \dots ~,~~q^+q^+\rightarrow | |||||
| q^+g^+g^+ \dots ~. \] | |||||
| \subsection{Multiline equations} | |||||
| Multiline equations are obtained by using the \verb+eqnarray+ | |||||
| environment. Use the \verb+\nonumber+ command at the end of each line | |||||
| to avoid assigning a number: | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| {\cal M}=&&ig_Z^2(4E_1E_2)^{1/2}(l_i^2)^{-1} | |||||
| \delta_{\sigma_1,-\sigma_2} | |||||
| (g_{\sigma_2}^e)^2\chi_{-\sigma_2}(p_2)\nonumber\\ | |||||
| &&\times | |||||
| [\epsilon_jl_i\epsilon_i]_{\sigma_1}\chi_{\sigma_1}(p_1), | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| \sum \vert M^{\text{viol}}_g \vert ^2&=&g^{2n-4}_S(Q^2)~N^{n-2} | |||||
| (N^2-1)\nonumber \\ | |||||
| & &\times \left( \sum_{i<j}\right) | |||||
| \sum_{\text{perm}} | |||||
| \frac{1}{S_{12}} | |||||
| \frac{1}{S_{12}} | |||||
| \sum_\tau c^f_\tau~. | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| \textbf{Note:} Do not use \verb+\label{#1}+ on a line of a multiline | |||||
| equation if \verb+\nonumber+ is also used on that line. Incorrect | |||||
| cross-referencing will result. Notice the use \verb+\text{#1}+ for | |||||
| using a Roman font within a math environment. | |||||
| To set a multiline equation without \emph{any} equation | |||||
| numbers, use the \verb+\begin{eqnarray*}+, | |||||
| \verb+\end{eqnarray*}+ format: | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray*} | |||||
| \sum \vert M^{\text{viol}}_g \vert ^2&=&g^{2n-4}_S(Q^2)~N^{n-2} | |||||
| (N^2-1)\\ | |||||
| & &\times \left( \sum_{i<j}\right) | |||||
| \left( | |||||
| \sum_{\text{perm}}\frac{1}{S_{12}S_{23}S_{n1}} | |||||
| \right) | |||||
| \frac{1}{S_{12}}~. | |||||
| \end{eqnarray*} | |||||
| To obtain numbers not normally produced by the automatic numbering, | |||||
| use the \verb+\tag{#1}+ command, where \verb+#1+ is the desired | |||||
| equation number. For example, to get an equation number of | |||||
| (\ref{eq:mynum}), | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| g^+g^+ \rightarrow g^+g^+g^+g^+ \dots ~,~~q^+q^+\rightarrow | |||||
| q^+g^+g^+ \dots ~. \tag{2.6$'$}\label{eq:mynum} | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| A few notes on \verb=\tag{#1}=. \verb+\tag{#1}+ requires | |||||
| \texttt{amsmath}. The \verb+\tag{#1}+ must come before the | |||||
| \verb+\label{#1}+, if any. The numbering set with \verb+\tag{#1}+ is | |||||
| \textit{transparent} to the automatic numbering in REV\TeX{}; | |||||
| therefore, the number must be known ahead of time, and it must be | |||||
| manually adjusted if other equations are added. \verb+\tag{#1}+ works | |||||
| with both single-line and multiline equations. \verb+\tag{#1}+ should | |||||
| only be used in exceptional case - do not use it to number all | |||||
| equations in a paper. | |||||
| Enclosing single-line and multiline equations in | |||||
| \verb+\begin{subequations}+ and \verb+\end{subequations}+ will produce | |||||
| a set of equations that are ``numbered'' with letters, as shown in | |||||
| Eqs.~(\ref{subeq:1}) and (\ref{subeq:2}) below: | |||||
| \begin{subequations} | |||||
| \label{eq:whole} | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| \left\{ | |||||
| abc123456abcdef\alpha\beta\gamma\delta1234556\alpha\beta | |||||
| \frac{1\sum^{a}_{b}}{A^2} | |||||
| \right\},\label{subeq:1} | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| {\cal M}=&&ig_Z^2(4E_1E_2)^{1/2}(l_i^2)^{-1} | |||||
| (g_{\sigma_2}^e)^2\chi_{-\sigma_2}(p_2)\nonumber\\ | |||||
| &&\times | |||||
| [\epsilon_i]_{\sigma_1}\chi_{\sigma_1}(p_1).\label{subeq:2} | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| \end{subequations} | |||||
| Putting a \verb+\label{#1}+ command right after the | |||||
| \verb+\begin{subequations}+, allows one to | |||||
| reference all the equations in a subequations environment. For | |||||
| example, the equations in the preceding subequations environment were | |||||
| Eqs.~(\ref{eq:whole}). | |||||
| \subsubsection{Wide equations} | |||||
| The equation that follows is set in a wide format, i.e., it spans | |||||
| across the full page. The wide format is reserved for long equations | |||||
| that cannot be easily broken into four lines or less: | |||||
| \begin{widetext} | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| {\cal R}^{(\text{d})}= | |||||
| g_{\sigma_2}^e | |||||
| \left( | |||||
| \frac{[\Gamma^Z(3,21)]_{\sigma_1}}{Q_{12}^2-M_W^2} | |||||
| +\frac{[\Gamma^Z(13,2)]_{\sigma_1}}{Q_{13}^2-M_W^2} | |||||
| \right) | |||||
| + x_WQ_e | |||||
| \left( | |||||
| \frac{[\Gamma^\gamma(3,21)]_{\sigma_1}}{Q_{12}^2-M_W^2} | |||||
| +\frac{[\Gamma^\gamma(13,2)]_{\sigma_1}}{Q_{13}^2-M_W^2} | |||||
| \right)\;. \label{eq:wideeq} | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| \end{widetext} | |||||
| This is typed to show the output is in wide format. | |||||
| (Since there is no input line between \verb+\equation+ and | |||||
| this paragraph, there is no paragraph indent for this paragraph.) | |||||
| \section{Cross-referencing} | |||||
| REV\TeX{} will automatically number sections, equations, figure | |||||
| captions, and tables. In order to reference them in text, use the | |||||
| \verb+\label{#1}+ and \verb+\ref{#1}+ commands. To reference a | |||||
| particular page, use the \verb+\pageref{#1}+ command. | |||||
| The \verb+\label{#1}+ should appear in a section heading, within an | |||||
| equation, or in a table or figure caption. The \verb+\ref{#1}+ command | |||||
| is used in the text where the citation is to be displayed. Some | |||||
| examples: Section~\ref{sec:level1} on page~\pageref{sec:level1}, | |||||
| Table~\ref{tab:table1},% | |||||
| \begin{table} | |||||
| \caption{\label{tab:table1}This is a narrow table which fits into a | |||||
| text column when using \texttt{twocolumn} formatting. Note that | |||||
| REV\TeX~4 adjusts the intercolumn spacing so that the table fills the | |||||
| entire width of the column. Table captions are numbered | |||||
| automatically. This table illustrates left-aligned, centered, and | |||||
| right-aligned columns. } | |||||
| \begin{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \begin{tabular}{lcr} | |||||
| Left\footnote{Note a.}&Centered\footnote{Note b.}&Right\\ | |||||
| \hline | |||||
| 1 & 2 & 3\\ | |||||
| 10 & 20 & 30\\ | |||||
| 100 & 200 & 300\\ | |||||
| \end{tabular} | |||||
| \end{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \end{table} | |||||
| and Fig.~\ref{fig:epsart}. | |||||
| \section{Figures and Tables} | |||||
| Figures and tables are typically ``floats''; \LaTeX\ determines their | |||||
| final position via placement rules. | |||||
| \LaTeX\ isn't always successful in automatically placing floats where you wish them. | |||||
| Figures are marked up with the \texttt{figure} environment, the content of which | |||||
| imports the image (\verb+\includegraphics+) followed by the figure caption (\verb+\caption+). | |||||
| The argument of the latter command should itself contain a \verb+\label+ command if you | |||||
| wish to refer to your figure with \verb+\ref+. | |||||
| Import your image using either the \texttt{graphics} or | |||||
| \texttt{graphix} packages. These packages both define the | |||||
| \verb+\includegraphics{#1}+ command, but they differ in the optional | |||||
| arguments for specifying the orientation, scaling, and translation of the figure. | |||||
| Fig.~\ref{fig:epsart}% | |||||
| \begin{figure} | |||||
| \includegraphics{fig_1}% Here is how to import EPS art | |||||
| \caption{\label{fig:epsart} A figure caption. The figure captions are | |||||
| automatically numbered.} | |||||
| \end{figure} | |||||
| is small enough to fit in a single column, while | |||||
| Fig.~\ref{fig:wide}% | |||||
| \begin{figure*} | |||||
| \includegraphics{fig_2}% Here is how to import EPS art | |||||
| \caption{\label{fig:wide}Use the \texttt{figure*} environment to get a wide | |||||
| figure, spanning the page in \texttt{twocolumn} formatting.} | |||||
| \end{figure*} | |||||
| is too wide for a single column, | |||||
| so instead the \texttt{figure*} environment has been used. | |||||
| The analog of the \texttt{figure} environment is \texttt{table}, which uses | |||||
| the same \verb+\caption+ command. | |||||
| However, you should type your caption command first within the \texttt{table}, | |||||
| instead of last as you did for \texttt{figure}. | |||||
| The heart of any table is the \texttt{tabular} environment, | |||||
| which represents the table content as a (vertical) sequence of table rows, | |||||
| each containing a (horizontal) sequence of table cells. | |||||
| Cells are separated by the \verb+&+ character; | |||||
| the row terminates with \verb+\\+. | |||||
| The required argument for the \texttt{tabular} environment | |||||
| specifies how data are displayed in each of the columns. | |||||
| For instance, a column | |||||
| may be centered (\verb+c+), left-justified (\verb+l+), right-justified (\verb+r+), | |||||
| or aligned on a decimal point (\verb+d+). | |||||
| (Table~\ref{tab:table4}% | |||||
| \begin{table} | |||||
| \caption{\label{tab:table4}Numbers in columns Three--Five have been | |||||
| aligned by using the ``d'' column specifier (requires the | |||||
| \texttt{dcolumn} package). | |||||
| Non-numeric entries (those entries without | |||||
| a ``.'') in a ``d'' column are aligned on the decimal point. | |||||
| Use the | |||||
| ``D'' specifier for more complex layouts. } | |||||
| \begin{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \begin{tabular}{ccddd} | |||||
| One&Two&\mbox{Three}&\mbox{Four}&\mbox{Five}\\ | |||||
| \hline | |||||
| one&two&\mbox{three}&\mbox{four}&\mbox{five}\\ | |||||
| He&2& 2.77234 & 45672. & 0.69 \\ | |||||
| C\footnote{Some tables require footnotes.} | |||||
| &C\footnote{Some tables need more than one footnote.} | |||||
| & 12537.64 & 37.66345 & 86.37 \\ | |||||
| \end{tabular} | |||||
| \end{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \end{table} | |||||
| illustrates the use of decimal column alignment.) | |||||
| Extra column-spacing may be be specified as well, although | |||||
| REV\TeX~4 sets this spacing so that the columns fill the width of the | |||||
| table. | |||||
| Horizontal rules are typeset using the \verb+\hline+ | |||||
| command. | |||||
| The doubled (or Scotch) rules that appear at the top and | |||||
| bottom of a table can be achieved by enclosing the \texttt{tabular} | |||||
| environment within a \texttt{ruledtabular} environment. | |||||
| Rows whose columns span multiple columns can be typeset using \LaTeX's | |||||
| \verb+\multicolumn{#1}{#2}{#3}+ command | |||||
| (for example, see the first row of Table~\ref{tab:table3}).% | |||||
| \begin{table*} | |||||
| \caption{\label{tab:table3}This is a wide table that spans the page | |||||
| width in \texttt{twocolumn} mode. It is formatted using the | |||||
| \texttt{table*} environment. It also demonstrates the use of | |||||
| \textbackslash\texttt{multicolumn} in rows with entries that span | |||||
| more than one column.} | |||||
| \begin{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \begin{tabular}{ccccc} | |||||
| &\multicolumn{2}{c}{$D_{4h}^1$}&\multicolumn{2}{c}{$D_{4h}^5$}\\ | |||||
| Ion&1st alternative&2nd alternative&lst alternative | |||||
| &2nd alternative\\ \hline | |||||
| K&$(2e)+(2f)$&$(4i)$ &$(2c)+(2d)$&$(4f)$ \\ | |||||
| Mn&$(2g)$\footnote{The $z$ parameter of these positions is $z\sim\frac{1}{4}$.} | |||||
| &$(a)+(b)+(c)+(d)$&$(4e)$&$(2a)+(2b)$\\ | |||||
| Cl&$(a)+(b)+(c)+(d)$&$(2g)$\footnote{This is a footnote in a table that spans the full page | |||||
| width in \texttt{twocolumn} mode. It is supposed to set on the full width of the page, just as the caption does. } | |||||
| &$(4e)^{\text{a}}$\\ | |||||
| He&$(8r)^{\text{a}}$&$(4j)^{\text{a}}$&$(4g)^{\text{a}}$\\ | |||||
| Ag& &$(4k)^{\text{a}}$& &$(4h)^{\text{a}}$\\ | |||||
| \end{tabular} | |||||
| \end{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \end{table*} | |||||
| The tables in this document illustrate various effects. | |||||
| Tables that fit in a narrow column are contained in a \texttt{table} | |||||
| environment. | |||||
| Table~\ref{tab:table3} is a wide table, therefore set with the | |||||
| \texttt{table*} environment. | |||||
| Lengthy tables may need to break across pages. | |||||
| A simple way to allow this is to specify | |||||
| the \verb+[H]+ float placement on the \texttt{table} or | |||||
| \texttt{table*} environment. | |||||
| Alternatively, using the standard \LaTeXe\ package \texttt{longtable} | |||||
| gives more control over how tables break and allows headers and footers | |||||
| to be specified for each page of the table. | |||||
| An example of the use of \texttt{longtable} can be found | |||||
| in the file \texttt{summary.tex} that is included with the REV\TeX~4 | |||||
| distribution. | |||||
| There are two methods for setting footnotes within a table (these | |||||
| footnotes will be displayed directly below the table rather than at | |||||
| the bottom of the page or in the bibliography). | |||||
| The easiest | |||||
| and preferred method is just to use the \verb+\footnote{#1}+ | |||||
| command. This will automatically enumerate the footnotes with | |||||
| lowercase roman letters. | |||||
| However, it is sometimes necessary to have | |||||
| multiple entries in the table share the same footnote. | |||||
| In this case, | |||||
| create the footnotes using | |||||
| \verb+\footnotemark[#1]+ and \verb+\footnotetext[#1]{#2}+. | |||||
| \texttt{\#1} is a numeric value. | |||||
| Each time the same value for \texttt{\#1} is used, | |||||
| the same mark is produced in the table. | |||||
| The \verb+\footnotetext[#1]{#2}+ commands are placed after the \texttt{tabular} | |||||
| environment. | |||||
| Examine the \LaTeX\ source and output for Tables~\ref{tab:table1} and | |||||
| \ref{tab:table2}% | |||||
| \begin{table} | |||||
| \caption{\label{tab:table2}A table with more columns still fits | |||||
| properly in a column. Note that several entries share the same | |||||
| footnote. Inspect the \LaTeX\ input for this table to see | |||||
| exactly how it is done.} | |||||
| \begin{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \begin{tabular}{cccccccc} | |||||
| &$r_c$ (\AA)&$r_0$ (\AA)&$\kappa r_0$& | |||||
| &$r_c$ (\AA) &$r_0$ (\AA)&$\kappa r_0$\\ | |||||
| \hline | |||||
| Cu& 0.800 & 14.10 & 2.550 &Sn\footnotemark[1] | |||||
| & 0.680 & 1.870 & 3.700 \\ | |||||
| Ag& 0.990 & 15.90 & 2.710 &Pb\footnotemark[2] | |||||
| & 0.450 & 1.930 & 3.760 \\ | |||||
| Au& 1.150 & 15.90 & 2.710 &Ca\footnotemark[3] | |||||
| & 0.750 & 2.170 & 3.560 \\ | |||||
| Mg& 0.490 & 17.60 & 3.200 &Sr\footnotemark[4] | |||||
| & 0.900 & 2.370 & 3.720 \\ | |||||
| Zn& 0.300 & 15.20 & 2.970 &Li\footnotemark[2] | |||||
| & 0.380 & 1.730 & 2.830 \\ | |||||
| Cd& 0.530 & 17.10 & 3.160 &Na\footnotemark[5] | |||||
| & 0.760 & 2.110 & 3.120 \\ | |||||
| Hg& 0.550 & 17.80 & 3.220 &K\footnotemark[5] | |||||
| & 1.120 & 2.620 & 3.480 \\ | |||||
| Al& 0.230 & 15.80 & 3.240 &Rb\footnotemark[3] | |||||
| & 1.330 & 2.800 & 3.590 \\ | |||||
| Ga& 0.310 & 16.70 & 3.330 &Cs\footnotemark[4] | |||||
| & 1.420 & 3.030 & 3.740 \\ | |||||
| In& 0.460 & 18.40 & 3.500 &Ba\footnotemark[5] | |||||
| & 0.960 & 2.460 & 3.780 \\ | |||||
| Tl& 0.480 & 18.90 & 3.550 & & & & \\ | |||||
| \end{tabular} | |||||
| \end{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \footnotetext[1]{Here's the first, from Ref.~\onlinecite{feyn54}.} | |||||
| \footnotetext[2]{Here's the second.} | |||||
| \footnotetext[3]{Here's the third.} | |||||
| \footnotetext[4]{Here's the fourth.} | |||||
| \footnotetext[5]{And etc.} | |||||
| \end{table} | |||||
| for an illustration. | |||||
| All AIP journals require that the initial citation of | |||||
| figures or tables be in numerical order. | |||||
| \LaTeX's automatic numbering of floats is your friend here: | |||||
| just put each \texttt{figure} environment immediately following | |||||
| its first reference (\verb+\ref+), as we have done in this example file. | |||||
| \begin{acknowledgments} | |||||
| We wish to acknowledge the support of the author community in using | |||||
| REV\TeX{}, offering suggestions and encouragement, testing new versions, | |||||
| \dots. | |||||
| \end{acknowledgments} | |||||
| \appendix | |||||
| \section{Appendixes} | |||||
| To start the appendixes, use the \verb+\appendix+ command. | |||||
| This signals that all following section commands refer to appendixes | |||||
| instead of regular sections. Therefore, the \verb+\appendix+ command | |||||
| should be used only once---to set up the section commands to act as | |||||
| appendixes. Thereafter normal section commands are used. The heading | |||||
| for a section can be left empty. For example, | |||||
| \begin{verbatim} | |||||
| \appendix | |||||
| \section{} | |||||
| \end{verbatim} | |||||
| will produce an appendix heading that says ``APPENDIX A'' and | |||||
| \begin{verbatim} | |||||
| \appendix | |||||
| \section{Background} | |||||
| \end{verbatim} | |||||
| will produce an appendix heading that says ``APPENDIX A: BACKGROUND'' | |||||
| (note that the colon is set automatically). | |||||
| If there is only one appendix, then the letter ``A'' should not | |||||
| appear. This is suppressed by using the star version of the appendix | |||||
| command (\verb+\appendix*+ in the place of \verb+\appendix+). | |||||
| \section{A little more on appendixes} | |||||
| Observe that this appendix was started by using | |||||
| \begin{verbatim} | |||||
| \section{A little more on appendixes} | |||||
| \end{verbatim} | |||||
| Note the equation number in an appendix: | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| E=mc^2. | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| \subsection{\label{app:subsec}A subsection in an appendix} | |||||
| You can use a subsection or subsubsection in an appendix. Note the | |||||
| numbering: we are now in Appendix~\ref{app:subsec}. | |||||
| \subsubsection{\label{app:subsubsec}A subsubsection in an appendix} | |||||
| Note the equation numbers in this appendix, produced with the | |||||
| subequations environment: | |||||
| \begin{subequations} | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| E&=&mc, \label{appa} | |||||
| \\ | |||||
| E&=&mc^2, \label{appb} | |||||
| \\ | |||||
| E&\agt& mc^3. \label{appc} | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| \end{subequations} | |||||
| They turn out to be Eqs.~(\ref{appa}), (\ref{appb}), and (\ref{appc}). | |||||
| \nocite{*} | |||||
| \bibliography{aipsamp}% Produces the bibliography via BibTeX. | |||||
| \end{document} | |||||
| % | |||||
| % ****** End of file aipsamp.tex ****** | |||||
+ 484
- 0
apssamp.bib
View File
| @ -0,0 +1,484 @@ | |||||
| @PREAMBLE{ | |||||
| "\providecommand{\noopsort}[1]{}" | |||||
| # "\providecommand{\singleletter}[1]{#1}%" | |||||
| } | |||||
| @BOOK{Bire82, | |||||
| author = {N. D. Birell and P. C. W. Davies}, | |||||
| year = 1982, | |||||
| title = {Quantum Fields in Curved Space}, | |||||
| publisher = {Cambridge University Press} | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{feyn54, | |||||
| author = "R. P. Feynman", | |||||
| year = "1954", | |||||
| journal = "Phys.\ Rev.", | |||||
| volume = "94", | |||||
| pages = "262", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{epr, | |||||
| author = "A. Einstein and {\relax Yu} Podolsky and N. Rosen", | |||||
| collaboration = "EPR", | |||||
| year = "1935", | |||||
| journal = "Phys.\ Rev.", | |||||
| volume = "47", | |||||
| pages = "777", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Berman1983, | |||||
| author = "G. P. Berman, Jr. and F. M. Izrailev, Jr.", | |||||
| title = "Stability of nonlinear modes", | |||||
| journal = "Physica D", | |||||
| volume = "88", | |||||
| pages = "445", | |||||
| year = "1983", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Davies1998, | |||||
| author = "E. B. Davies and L. Parns", | |||||
| title = "Trapped modes in acoustic waveguides", | |||||
| journal = "Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math.", | |||||
| volume = "51", | |||||
| pages = "477--492", | |||||
| year = "1988", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MISC{witten2001, | |||||
| author = "Edward Witten", | |||||
| eprint = "hep-th/0106109", | |||||
| year = "2001", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INBOOK{Beutler1994, | |||||
| author = "E. Beutler", | |||||
| editor = "E. Beutler and M. A. Lichtman and B. W. Coller and T. S. Kipps", | |||||
| booktitle = "Williams Hematology", | |||||
| chapter = "7", | |||||
| pages = "654--662", | |||||
| publisher = "McGraw-Hill", | |||||
| year = "1994", | |||||
| edition = "5", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| volume = "2", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{Beutler1994a, | |||||
| author = "E. Beutler", | |||||
| editor = "E. Beutler and M. A. Lichtman and B. W. Coller and T. S. Kipps", | |||||
| booktitle = "Williams Hematology", | |||||
| chapter = "7", | |||||
| pages = "654--662", | |||||
| publisher = "McGraw-Hill", | |||||
| year = "1994", | |||||
| edition = "5", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| volume = "2", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INBOOK{inbook-full, | |||||
| author = "Donald E. Knuth", | |||||
| booktitle = "Fundamental Algorithms", | |||||
| volume = 1, | |||||
| series = "The Art of Computer Programming", | |||||
| publisher = "Addison-Wesley", | |||||
| address = "Reading, Massachusetts", | |||||
| edition = "Second", | |||||
| month = "10~" # jan, | |||||
| year = "\noopsort{1973b}1973", | |||||
| type = "Section", | |||||
| chapter = "1.2", | |||||
| pages = "10--119", | |||||
| note = "A full INBOOK entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Smith2005, | |||||
| author = "J. S. Smith and G. W. Johnson", | |||||
| journal = "Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| year = "2005", | |||||
| volume = "777", | |||||
| pages = "1395", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @UNPUBLISHED{Smith2010, | |||||
| author = "W. J. Smith and T. J. Johnson and B. G. Miller", | |||||
| title = "Surface chemistry and preferential crystal orientation on a silicon surface", | |||||
| note = "{J. Appl. Phys.} (unpublished)", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| year = "2010", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @UNPUBLISHED{Smith2010a, | |||||
| author = "V. K. Smith and K. Johnson and M. O. Klein", | |||||
| title = "Surface chemistry and preferential crystal orientation on a silicon surface", | |||||
| note = "{J. Appl. Phys.} (submitted)", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| year = "2010", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @UNPUBLISHED{unpublished-full, | |||||
| author = "Ulrich {\"{U}}nderwood and Ned {\~N}et and Paul {\={P}}ot", | |||||
| title = "Lower Bounds for Wishful Research Results", | |||||
| month = nov # ", " # dec, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "Talk at Fanstord University (A full UNPUBLISHED entry)", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MISC{JohnsonMillerSmith2007, | |||||
| author = "M. P. Johnson and K. L. Miller and K. Smith", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| howpublished = "personal communication", | |||||
| month = "1~" # may, | |||||
| year = "2007", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PROCEEDINGS{Smith2007, | |||||
| title = "AIP Conf. Proc.", | |||||
| year = "2007", | |||||
| editor = "J. Smith", | |||||
| volume = "841", | |||||
| number = "21", | |||||
| series = "", | |||||
| address = "", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| organization = "", | |||||
| publisher = "", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PROCEEDINGS{proceedings-full, | |||||
| editor = "Wizard V. Oz and Mihalis Yannakakis", | |||||
| title = "Proc. Fifteenth Annual", | |||||
| number = 17, | |||||
| series = "All ACM Conferences", | |||||
| month = mar, | |||||
| year = 1983, | |||||
| address = "Boston", | |||||
| organization = "ACM", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| note = "A full PROCEEDINGS entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @UNPUBLISHED{Burstyn2004, | |||||
| author = "Y. Burstyn", | |||||
| title = "{Proceedings of the 5th International Molecular Beam Epitaxy Conference, Santa Fe, NM}", | |||||
| note = "(unpublished)", | |||||
| month = "5--8~" # oct, | |||||
| year = "2004", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PROCEEDINGS{Quinn2001, | |||||
| title = "{Proceedings of the 2003 Particle Accelerator Conference, Portland, OR, 12-16 May 2005}", | |||||
| year = "2001", | |||||
| editor = "B. Quinn", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| publisher = "Wiley", | |||||
| note = "Albeit the conference was held in 2005, it was the 2003 conference, and the proceedings were published in 2001; go figure", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Agarwal2001, | |||||
| author = "A. G. Agarwal", | |||||
| title = "{Proceedings of the Fifth Low Temperature Conference, Madison, WI, 1999}", | |||||
| journal = "Semiconductors", | |||||
| year = "2001", | |||||
| volume = "66", | |||||
| pages = "1238", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{SmithDA01, | |||||
| author = "R. Smith", | |||||
| title = "Hummingbirds are our friends", | |||||
| journal = {J. Appl. Phys. (these proceedings)}, | |||||
| year = "2001", | |||||
| volume = "", | |||||
| number = "", | |||||
| pages = "", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| note = "Abstract No. DA-01", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{Smith2007a, | |||||
| author = "J. Smith", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| journal = "Proc. SPIE", | |||||
| year = "2007", | |||||
| volume = "124", | |||||
| pages = "367", | |||||
| note = "Required title is missing", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @TECHREPORT{techreport-full, | |||||
| author = "Tom T{\'{e}}rrific", | |||||
| title = "An {$O(n \log n / \! \log\log n)$} Sorting Algorithm", | |||||
| institution = "Fanstord University", | |||||
| type = "Wishful Research Result", | |||||
| number = "7", | |||||
| address = "Computer Science Department, Fanstord, California", | |||||
| month = oct, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "A full TECHREPORT entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @TECHREPORT{Nelson1999, | |||||
| author = "J. Nelson", | |||||
| type = "{TWI Report}", | |||||
| number = "666/1999", | |||||
| institution = "", | |||||
| year = jan # "~1999", | |||||
| note = "Required institution missing", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @TECHREPORT{Fields2005, | |||||
| author = "W. K. Fields", | |||||
| type = "{ECE Report No.}", | |||||
| number = "AL944", | |||||
| institution = "", | |||||
| year = "2005", | |||||
| note = "Required institution missing", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MISC{Zalkins2008, | |||||
| author = "Y. M. Zalkins", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| howpublished = "e-print arXiv:cond-mat/040426", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| year = "2008", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MISC{Nelson2005, | |||||
| author = "J. Nelson", | |||||
| howpublished = "{U.S. Patent No.} 5,693,000", | |||||
| year = "12~" # dec # "~2005", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MASTERSTHESIS{Nelson1999a, | |||||
| author = "J. K. Nelson", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| school = "New York University", | |||||
| year = "1999", | |||||
| type = "M.{S}. thesis", | |||||
| address = "", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MASTERSTHESIS{mastersthesis-full, | |||||
| author = "{\'{E}}douard Masterly", | |||||
| title = "Mastering Thesis Writing", | |||||
| school = "Stanford University", | |||||
| type = "Master's project", | |||||
| address = "English Department", | |||||
| month = jun # "-" # aug, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "A full MASTERSTHESIS entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PHDTHESIS{Smith2003, | |||||
| author = "S. M. Smith", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| school = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", | |||||
| year = "2003", | |||||
| type = "{Ph.D.} thesis", | |||||
| address = "", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| note = "", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @ARTICLE{KawaLin2003, | |||||
| author = "S. R. Kawa and S.-J. Lin", | |||||
| title = "", | |||||
| journal = "J. Geophys. Res.", | |||||
| year = "2003", | |||||
| volume = "108", | |||||
| number = "D6", | |||||
| pages = "4201", | |||||
| month = "", | |||||
| note = "{DOI:10.1029/2002JD002268}", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @PHDTHESIS{phdthesis-full, | |||||
| author = "F. Phidias Phony-Baloney", | |||||
| title = "Fighting Fire with Fire: Festooning {F}rench Phrases", | |||||
| school = "Fanstord University", | |||||
| type = "{PhD} Dissertation", | |||||
| address = "Department of French", | |||||
| month = jun # "-" # aug, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "A full PHDTHESIS entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @BOOK{book-full, | |||||
| author = "Donald E. Knuth", | |||||
| title = "Seminumerical Algorithms", | |||||
| volume = 2, | |||||
| series = "The Art of Computer Programming", | |||||
| publisher = "Addison-Wesley", | |||||
| address = "Reading, Massachusetts", | |||||
| edition = "Second", | |||||
| month = "10~" # jan, | |||||
| year = "\noopsort{1973c}1981", | |||||
| note = "A full BOOK entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @BOOKLET{booklet-full, | |||||
| author = "Jill C. Knvth", | |||||
| title = "The Programming of Computer Art", | |||||
| howpublished = "Vernier Art Center", | |||||
| address = "Stanford, California", | |||||
| month = feb, | |||||
| year = 1988, | |||||
| note = "A full BOOKLET entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INBOOK{ballagh2000, | |||||
| author = "R. Ballagh and C.M. Savage", | |||||
| editor = "C.M. Savage and M. Das", | |||||
| title = "Bose-Einstein condensation: from atomic physics to quantum fluids, Proceedings of the 13th Physics Summer School", | |||||
| year = "2000", | |||||
| publisher = "World Scientific", | |||||
| address = "Singapore", | |||||
| eprint = "cond-mat/0008070", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{ballagh2000a, | |||||
| author = "R. Ballagh and C.M. Savage", | |||||
| title = "Bose-Einstein condensation: from atomic physics to quantum fluids", | |||||
| editor = "C.M. Savage and M. Das", | |||||
| booktitle = "Proceedings of the 13th Physics Summer School", | |||||
| year = "2000", | |||||
| publisher = "World Scientific", | |||||
| address = "Singapore", | |||||
| eprint = "cond-mat/0008070", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @inBook{Magnetism, | |||||
| author = "W. Opechowski and R. Guccione", | |||||
| title = "Introduction to the Theory of Normal Metals", | |||||
| volume = "IIa", | |||||
| pages = "105", | |||||
| editor = "G. T. Rado and H. Suhl", | |||||
| booktitle = "Magnetism", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| year = "1965", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{Magnetisma, | |||||
| author = "W. Opechowski and R. Guccione", | |||||
| title = "Introduction to the Theory of Normal Metals", | |||||
| editor = "G. T. Rado and H. Suhl", | |||||
| booktitle = "Magnetism", | |||||
| volume = "IIa", | |||||
| pages = "105", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| year = "1965", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INPROCEEDINGS{Magnetismb, | |||||
| author = "W. Opechowski and R. Guccione", | |||||
| title = "Introduction to the Theory of Normal Metals", | |||||
| editor = "G. T. Rado and H. Suhl", | |||||
| booktitle = "Magnetism", | |||||
| volume = "IIa", | |||||
| pages = "105", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| year = "1965", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INBOOK{Smith80, | |||||
| author = "J. M. Smith", | |||||
| title = "Molecular Dynamics", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic", | |||||
| year = "1980", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| editor = "C. Brown", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @article{ZS71, | |||||
| author = "V. E. Zakharov and A. B. Shabat", | |||||
| title = "Exact theory of two-dimensional self-focusing and one-dimensional self-modulation of waves in nonlinear media", | |||||
| journal = "Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.", | |||||
| volume = "61", | |||||
| year = "1971", | |||||
| pages = "118--134", | |||||
| translation = "Sov. Phys. JETP \textbf{34}, 62 (1972)" | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{Smith80a, | |||||
| author = "J. M. Smith", | |||||
| booktitle = "Molecular Dynamics", | |||||
| editor = "C. Brown", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic", | |||||
| year = "1980", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INCOLLECTION{incollection-full, | |||||
| author = "Daniel D. Lincoll", | |||||
| title = "Semigroups of Recurrences", | |||||
| editor = "David J. Lipcoll and D. H. Lawrie and A. H. Sameh", | |||||
| booktitle = "High Speed Computer and Algorithm Organization", | |||||
| number = 23, | |||||
| series = "Fast Computers", | |||||
| chapter = 3, | |||||
| type = "Part", | |||||
| pages = "179--183", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| edition = "Third", | |||||
| month = sep, | |||||
| year = 1977, | |||||
| note = "A full INCOLLECTION entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @INPROCEEDINGS{inproceedings-full, | |||||
| author = "Alfred V. Oaho and Jeffrey D. Ullman and Mihalis Yannakakis", | |||||
| title = "On Notions of Information Transfer in {VLSI} Circuits", | |||||
| editor = "Wizard V. Oz and Mihalis Yannakakis", | |||||
| booktitle = "Proc. Fifteenth Annual ACM", | |||||
| bookaddress = "Boston, 1982", | |||||
| number = 17, | |||||
| series = "All ACM Conferences", | |||||
| pages = "133--139", | |||||
| month = mar, | |||||
| year = 1983, | |||||
| address = "New York", | |||||
| organization = "ACM", | |||||
| publisher = "Academic Press", | |||||
| note = "A full INPROCEDINGS entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
| @MANUAL{manual-full, | |||||
| author = "Larry Manmaker", | |||||
| title = "The Definitive Computer Manual", | |||||
| organization = "Chips-R-Us", | |||||
| address = "Silicon Valley", | |||||
| edition = "Silver", | |||||
| month = apr # "-" # may, | |||||
| year = 1986, | |||||
| note = "A full MANUAL entry", | |||||
| } | |||||
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| \title{Analyzing GDPR Sentiment in the United States} | |||||
| \thanks{Submitted as a PUBL-201 assignment at RIT}% | |||||
| \author{Jeffery B. Russell} | |||||
| \email{jeffery@jrtechs.net, jxr8142@rit.edu} | |||||
| \affiliation{% | |||||
| Fourth Year Computer Science Student at RIT\\ | |||||
| CUBRC Research Assistant\\ | |||||
| RITlug President | |||||
| }% | |||||
| \date{\today}% It is always \today, today, | |||||
| % but any date may be explicitly specified | |||||
| \begin{abstract} | |||||
| Conducting qualitative research is essential in implementing public policy because it enables us to better understand our complex political and social environments. | |||||
| This research project aims to gain a deeper understanding of American's views on privacy so that we can access what types of GDPR (General Data Protection Regulations) like regulations we should implement in the United States. | |||||
| We found that although most people said that they would support regulations like the GDPR in the United States, most people added stipulations as to how it got implemented and enforced. | |||||
| This work calls upon the need to conduct more qualitative research on privacy regulations so that we can find an ideal set of regulations for the United States. | |||||
| Despite the varying opinions on implementations, the consensus that there is currently an issue with privacy regulations illustrates the urgent need for policy change at the federal level. | |||||
| \begin{description} | |||||
| \item[Keywords] | |||||
| GDPR, Public Policy, Qualitative Research, Data Protections | |||||
| \end{description} | |||||
| \end{abstract} | |||||
| \maketitle | |||||
| %\tableofcontents | |||||
| \section{\label{sec:level1}Background} | |||||
| This study focused on people’s opinions surrounding how their data is being used by websites. | |||||
| With the recent expose of data scandals like Cambridge Analytica and new regulations being introduced in the European Union, it is a perfect time to start exploring people’s opinions on data collection in the United States. | |||||
| The goal of this research is to help inform policymakers whether or not we should implement privacy regulations similar to the European Union in the United States. | |||||
| This research project focuses on the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) passed by the European Union (EU) in 2016. | |||||
| The GDPR is a massive consumer protection law that gives people more control over their personal by restricting how companies are allowed to use and collect personal data. | |||||
| Since the passage of the GDPR in 2018, seven other countries passed similar regulations and most large technology companies are working on becoming GDPR compliant so they can do business in the EU.\footnote{https://gdpr-info.eu/} | |||||
| The GDPR is quite intensive, however, I am going to be focusing my research around the following three points in the GDPR: | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item The requirement for active consent to keep storing personal information. (Article 5) \footnote{https://gdpr-info.eu/art-5-gdpr/} | |||||
| \item The right to request for information being stored about you. (Article 15) \footnote{https://gdpr-info.eu/art-15-gdpr/} | |||||
| \item Right to be forgotten. (Article 17) \footnote{https://gdpr-info.eu/art-17-gdpr/} | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \subsection{\label{sec:level2}Research Questions} | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item What are people’s general sentiment towards data collection? | |||||
| \item In what scenarios would people be most willing to provide personal data to companies? How much does this vary from person to person? | |||||
| \item Do people believe that companies currently respect and use data collected in ethical ways? If not why? | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \section{\label{sec:level1}Methods} | |||||
| This study used two research paradigms to gather data: action research and biographical. | |||||
| \subsection{\label{sec:level2}Action Research} | |||||
| Co-interpretation interviews were used in this study to pull out information from people that have not thought about privacy protection laws before. This method is particularly useful because by using co-interpretation in interviews, we are able to describe what GDPR is to people while learning about their views on privacy regulations. Although most people may have heard about GDPR, relatively few people actually know what is in the law. | |||||
| We used Applied Action in conjunction with the Critical Humanism framework to analyze and learn each person's truth. | |||||
| Critical Humanism falls on the radical change and subjective views spectrum. | |||||
| We chose this Critical Humanism because we are seeking to pull out varying viewpoints from people and enact change with them. | |||||
| Six people, were interviewed with co-interpretation. Each interview took roughly twenty minutes to conduct. People from the two groups were chosen for interviews. The first group was versed in technology and the other group was less versed. This was done to see if there were any notable differences between the two groups. | |||||
| The interview template used can be found in appendix \ref{appendix:a}. | |||||
| Since this is following the action research paradigm, an unstructured interview process allowed us to better probe the interviewee and pull out relevant information. | |||||
| The interview template contains the major questions being asked and common probing questions to go along with each question. | |||||
| \subsection{\label{sec:level2}Biographical} | |||||
| Since research was conducted at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT)\footnote{https://rit.edu}, we were in a unique position to conduct biographical interviews with people that have had experience with data protection. | |||||
| Conducting interviews with professionals is essential to understanding privacy regulations because they are able to provide historical context and unique insights into the situation. | |||||
| Respondents for biographical interviews were selected based on their knowledge in the field. | |||||
| Since biographical interviews were very in-depth, only two interviews were conducted and each interview took roughly a half-hour. | |||||
| An interview template can be found in appendix \ref{appendix:b}. | |||||
| The interview template contains the major questions being asked and common probing questions to go along with those questions. | |||||
| The goal of this interview format is to get familiar with the subject’s professional career and experience working with personal data and understand how that may have shaped their views on GDPR. | |||||
| \section{\label{sec:level1}Findings} | |||||
| The findings of this study is broken apart into several categories: privacy and social media, implementation, and privacy culture. | |||||
| Field notes taken during the interviews can be found in appendix C. | |||||
| \subsection{\label{sec:level2}Privacy and Social Media} | |||||
| Most people interviewed to some degree used social media. | |||||
| What was interesting was that the level of concern for privacy had little baring on how people used social media; however, there was a few notable exceptions with people who were extremely technologically versed and worried about privacy. | |||||
| Half the respondents share the sentiment of "I care but, I've given up". | |||||
| Although most people want to retain their privacy, they are willing to give it up for the pleasures that social media and other web sites give. | |||||
| Interesting perspectives were brought up when discussing what people are willing to post on internet. | |||||
| People were more willing to post "edgy" content when there was nothing personally identifiable on the website. For example: people are more willing to post political and more controversial/raunchy content on social media platforms like Reddit\footnote{reddit.com is a basic form like social media site where users identified by usernames post content} which only uses a username. | |||||
| Platforms like Linkeden\footnote{linkedin.com is a social networking site aimed at finding job opprotunities} and Facebook\footnote{facebook.com is a very popular social media website} garner more respect because they directly relate your profile to your real name. | |||||
| That is not to say that Facebook has more prestige (one respondent called Facebook a dumpterfire) but, there is something to say with people's comfort with posting content when it is directly linked back to them. | |||||
| \subsection{\label{sec:level2}Implementing GDPR} | |||||
| After explaining GDPR to the respondents, they all agreed that the general goals of the GDPR are good. | |||||
| However, nearly none of the respondents fully agreed with all the technicalities of the law. | |||||
| The people that had familiarity with the privacy field actually said that the law does little to fix the issue that we are currently facing. | |||||
| Although most companies are trying to implement the law, in many cases it is just a Terms of Service (TOS) change -- not much is changing under the hood. | |||||
| One person in specific was worried that even if this law did get implemented, it would just become a "golden skeleton" -- something that makes more money than the fines are worth if they got caught. | |||||
| This brought up another discussion centered around how we should implement a law like this when major technology companies yield so much power. | |||||
| Another major point of discussion was how to implement the right to be forgotten segment of GDPR. | |||||
| Everyone interviewed agreed that companies should be required to delete all account data from their systems when requested. | |||||
| I interviewed one person that was actually responsible for implementing right to be forgotten at Intuit\footnote{Intuit is a company that produces financial software}. | |||||
| This person thought that having companies comply with these requests should be manageable. | |||||
| Although most companies are currently self implementing GDPR regulations, he believes that there will soon be a unified system that companies can use to make data privacy-compliance easier. | |||||
| The right to be forgotten prevision starts to get more debated when you ask people where they draw the line. | |||||
| Most people believed that anything they uploaded they should be able to take down under this prevision. | |||||
| People were more split over whether or not things that other people upload about them should be able to get taken down. | |||||
| Two respondents were worried that people would abuse this feature and use it to delete bad things from them on the internet-- this would turn the internet into a place with less consequences. | |||||
| Data removal was another boiling point of discussion. | |||||
| In an ideal world all your data would get deleted and no bad externalities would come of that. | |||||
| Consider this: what if your data was previously used to generate meta data or used in a machine learning algorithm? | |||||
| At that point it is nearly impossible to fully remove yourself from their system -- you have left an everlasting fingerprint in a vastly complex mathematical system. | |||||
| Most people interviewed were fine with the idea of having non-identifiable meta data from them lingering in a companies' database. | |||||
| One person noted: "nothing ever gets fully forgotten on the internet". | |||||
| Even after removing personally identifiable information, recent research has shown that it is not that difficult to de-anonymizing that data if given enough of it\footnote{ Narayanan, Arvind; Shmatikov, Vitaly. Robust De-anonymization of Large Sparse Datasets}. | |||||
| When implementing GDPR about half the respondents agreed that defining what counts as non-identifiable information would be crucial. | |||||
| \subsection{\label{sec:level2}Privacy Culture} | |||||
| An interesting point that this research brings up is the culture around privacy in the United States verses countries in the European Union. | |||||
| Historically the United States has viewed privacy as something that we simply signed away for the convenience of using a service. | |||||
| This is in juxtaposition to the way that European countries view privacy; in Europe privacy is a human right. | |||||
| All research respondents agreed with this assessment; one respondent that was a half German citizen mentioned that privacy protection is a part of their constitution. | |||||
| When asked whether or not this bill would take footing at a national level, most respondents said that this would become a partisan issue. | |||||
| \section{\label{sec:level1}Discussion} | |||||
| Moving forward with this research it is essential that we conduct surveys at a larger scale to see if stronger privacy regulations would take hold in the United States. | |||||
| It is important to note that everyone interviewed for this survey lived in Rochester and that everyone except for two people either attended or worked at RIT. | |||||
| When conducting future research it would be imperative that we extend our demographics. | |||||
| Although most people interviewed favored more stringent privacy regulations, it is important that we also research the wider economic market surrounding privacy regulations in the United States. | |||||
| Understanding the business interests of data privacy is quintessential to assessing what public policies gain momentum in congress. | |||||
| The finding that most people had a few caveats with GDPR suggests that a modified version of it would be necessary in the United States. | |||||
| A future avenue of research for this project would be to analyze the roll-out of California's Consumer Privacy Act (CAPPA)\footnote{“California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA).” State of California - Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General. N.p., 10 Feb. 2020. Web. 24 Feb. 2020.}. | |||||
| \appendix | |||||
| \section{Action Research Interview Script} | |||||
| \label{appendix:a} | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item How much do you use the internet? | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item Where do you spend your time online? | |||||
| \item Are you active on social media? | |||||
| \item Do you use the internet as a part of your job? | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \item Are you ever concerned about putting your personal information on the internet? | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item What do you consider personal data? | |||||
| \item How often do you share personal data? | |||||
| \item Do you ever think twice before agreeing to a EULA? | |||||
| \item Are there some sites that you would never give your personal data to? | |||||
| \item What companies do you trust the most with your data? | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \item Have you ever heard about the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)? (if no explain what it is) | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item Where did you hear about it? | |||||
| \item What do you know about it? | |||||
| \item What do you think about it? | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \item GDPR includes a provision that requires companies to have active consent to keep storing personal information on someone. Does that sound reasonable? | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item Do you remember receiving a wave of emails about a year ago about an update to their terms of service (TOS)? | |||||
| \item Would you be okay with certain companies having personal information on you like name, gender, sexual orientation, email, without you knowing about it? | |||||
| \item Are there any exceptions where a company should have access to your data without your knowledge or consent? | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item Government? | |||||
| \item Health industry? | |||||
| \item Research? | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \item What would you think of the “right to be forgotten”? (if no explain what it is) | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item Do you think this is feasible to implement? | |||||
| \item Does this infringe upon freedom of speech? | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \item Would you want to see GDPR policies take place in the United States? | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item Do you see this having more support or less support than it did in the European Union (EU)? | |||||
| \item Would you agree that in America we put privacy at the burden of the consumer where in Europe they view privacy as freedom? | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \section{Biographical Interview Script} | |||||
| \label{appendix:b} | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item Could you tell me a bit about your professional career in the field of x | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item How much did you work with personal data? | |||||
| \item What privacy regulations were you aware of? | |||||
| \item What privacy regulations were you aware of? | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item Did this change over time? | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \item How much do you use the internet? | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item Where do you spend your time online? | |||||
| \item Are you active on social media? | |||||
| \item Do you use the internet as a part of your job? | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \item Are you ever concerned about putting your personal information on the internet? | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item What do you consider personal data? | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item How often do you share personal data? | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \item Do you ever think twice before agreeing to a EULA? | |||||
| \item Are there some sites that you would never give your personal data to? | |||||
| \item What companies do you trust the most with your data? | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item Why? | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \item Do you think that your profession affected the way in which you handle your own personal data? | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \item Have you ever heard about the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)? | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item Where did you hear about it? | |||||
| \item What do you know about it? | |||||
| \item What do you think about it? | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item Are you familiar with the right to be forgotten provision of the law? | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \item Do you think that a law like GDPR would gain support in the United States? | |||||
| \begin{itemize} | |||||
| \item Who would push back? | |||||
| \item What are the cultural differences? | |||||
| \item Would people in your field of x have varying opinions on GDPR than regular consumers? | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \end{itemize} | |||||
| \section{Field Notes} | |||||
| \bibliography{apssamp}% Produces the bibliography via BibTeX. | |||||
| \end{document} | |||||
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| % See the AIP README file for restrictions and more information. | |||||
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| \subsubsection{\label{sec:level3}Third-level heading: Citations and Footnotes} | |||||
| Citations in text refer to entries in the Bibliography; | |||||
| they use the commands \verb+\cite{#1}+ or \verb+\onlinecite{#1}+. | |||||
| Because REV\TeX\ uses the \verb+natbib+ package of Patrick Daly, | |||||
| its entire repertoire of commands are available in your document; | |||||
| see the \verb+natbib+ documentation for further details. | |||||
| The argument of \verb+\cite+ is a comma-separated list of \emph{keys}; | |||||
| a key may consist of letters and numerals. | |||||
| By default, citations are numerical; \cite{feyn54} author-year citations are an option. | |||||
| To give a textual citation, use \verb+\onlinecite{#1}+: (Refs.~\onlinecite{witten2001,epr,Bire82}). | |||||
| REV\TeX\ ``collapses'' lists of consecutive numerical citations when appropriate. | |||||
| REV\TeX\ provides the ability to properly punctuate textual citations in author-year style; | |||||
| this facility works correctly with numerical citations only with \texttt{natbib}'s compress option turned off. | |||||
| To illustrate, we cite several together \cite{feyn54,witten2001,epr,Berman1983}, | |||||
| and once again (Refs.~\onlinecite{epr,feyn54,Bire82,Berman1983}). | |||||
| Note that, when numerical citations are used, the references were sorted into the same order they appear in the bibliography. | |||||
| A reference within the bibliography is specified with a \verb+\bibitem{#1}+ command, | |||||
| where the argument is the citation key mentioned above. | |||||
| \verb+\bibitem{#1}+ commands may be crafted by hand or, preferably, | |||||
| generated by using Bib\TeX. | |||||
| The AIP styles for REV\TeX~4 include Bib\TeX\ style files | |||||
| \verb+aipnum.bst+ and \verb+aipauth.bst+, appropriate for | |||||
| numbered and author-year bibliographies, | |||||
| respectively. | |||||
| REV\TeX~4 will automatically choose the style appropriate for | |||||
| the document's selected class options: the default is numerical, and | |||||
| you obtain the author-year style by specifying a class option of \verb+author-year+. | |||||
| This sample file demonstrates a simple use of Bib\TeX\ | |||||
| via a \verb+\bibliography+ command referencing the \verb+sorsamp.bib+ file. | |||||
| Running Bib\TeX\ (in this case \texttt{bibtex | |||||
| sorsamp}) after the first pass of \LaTeX\ produces the file | |||||
| \verb+sorsamp.bbl+ which contains the automatically formatted | |||||
| \verb+\bibitem+ commands (including extra markup information via | |||||
| \verb+\bibinfo+ commands). If not using Bib\TeX, the | |||||
| \verb+thebibiliography+ environment should be used instead. | |||||
| \paragraph{Fourth-level heading is run in.}% | |||||
| Footnotes are produced using the \verb+\footnote{#1}+ command. | |||||
| Numerical style citations put footnotes into the | |||||
| bibliography\footnote{Automatically placing footnotes into the bibliography requires using BibTeX to compile the bibliography.}. | |||||
| Author-year and numerical author-year citation styles (each for its own reason) cannot use this method. | |||||
| Note: due to the method used to place footnotes in the bibliography, \emph{you | |||||
| must re-run BibTeX every time you change any of your document's | |||||
| footnotes}. | |||||
| \section{Math and Equations} | |||||
| Inline math may be typeset using the \verb+$+ delimiters. Bold math | |||||
| symbols may be achieved using the \verb+bm+ package and the | |||||
| \verb+\bm{#1}+ command it supplies. For instance, a bold $\alpha$ can | |||||
| be typeset as \verb+$\bm{\alpha}$+ giving $\bm{\alpha}$. Fraktur and | |||||
| Blackboard (or open face or double struck) characters should be | |||||
| typeset using the \verb+\mathfrak{#1}+ and \verb+\mathbb{#1}+ commands | |||||
| respectively. Both are supplied by the \texttt{amssymb} package. For | |||||
| example, \verb+$\mathbb{R}$+ gives $\mathbb{R}$ and | |||||
| \verb+$\mathfrak{G}$+ gives $\mathfrak{G}$ | |||||
| In \LaTeX\ there are many different ways to display equations, and a | |||||
| few preferred ways are noted below. Displayed math will center by | |||||
| default. Use the class option \verb+fleqn+ to flush equations left. | |||||
| Below we have numbered single-line equations, the most common kind: | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| \chi_+(p)\alt{\bf [}2|{\bf p}|(|{\bf p}|+p_z){\bf ]}^{-1/2} | |||||
| \left( | |||||
| \begin{array}{c} | |||||
| |{\bf p}|+p_z\\ | |||||
| px+ip_y | |||||
| \end{array}\right)\;, | |||||
| \\ | |||||
| \left\{% | |||||
| \openone234567890abc123\alpha\beta\gamma\delta1234556\alpha\beta | |||||
| \frac{1\sum^{a}_{b}}{A^2}% | |||||
| \right\}% | |||||
| \label{eq:one}. | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| Note the open one in Eq.~(\ref{eq:one}). | |||||
| Not all numbered equations will fit within a narrow column this | |||||
| way. The equation number will move down automatically if it cannot fit | |||||
| on the same line with a one-line equation: | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| \left\{ | |||||
| ab12345678abc123456abcdef\alpha\beta\gamma\delta1234556\alpha\beta | |||||
| \frac{1\sum^{a}_{b}}{A^2}% | |||||
| \right\}. | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| When the \verb+\label{#1}+ command is used [cf. input for | |||||
| Eq.~(\ref{eq:one})], the equation can be referred to in text without | |||||
| knowing the equation number that \TeX\ will assign to it. Just | |||||
| use \verb+\ref{#1}+, where \verb+#1+ is the same name that used in | |||||
| the \verb+\label{#1}+ command. | |||||
| Unnumbered single-line equations can be typeset | |||||
| using the \verb+\[+, \verb+\]+ format: | |||||
| \[g^+g^+ \rightarrow g^+g^+g^+g^+ \dots ~,~~q^+q^+\rightarrow | |||||
| q^+g^+g^+ \dots ~. \] | |||||
| \subsection{Multiline equations} | |||||
| Multiline equations are obtained by using the \verb+eqnarray+ | |||||
| environment. Use the \verb+\nonumber+ command at the end of each line | |||||
| to avoid assigning a number: | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| {\cal M}=&&ig_Z^2(4E_1E_2)^{1/2}(l_i^2)^{-1} | |||||
| \delta_{\sigma_1,-\sigma_2} | |||||
| (g_{\sigma_2}^e)^2\chi_{-\sigma_2}(p_2)\nonumber\\ | |||||
| &&\times | |||||
| [\epsilon_jl_i\epsilon_i]_{\sigma_1}\chi_{\sigma_1}(p_1), | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| \sum \vert M^{\text{viol}}_g \vert ^2&=&g^{2n-4}_S(Q^2)~N^{n-2} | |||||
| (N^2-1)\nonumber \\ | |||||
| & &\times \left( \sum_{i<j}\right) | |||||
| \sum_{\text{perm}} | |||||
| \frac{1}{S_{12}} | |||||
| \frac{1}{S_{12}} | |||||
| \sum_\tau c^f_\tau~. | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| \textbf{Note:} Do not use \verb+\label{#1}+ on a line of a multiline | |||||
| equation if \verb+\nonumber+ is also used on that line. Incorrect | |||||
| cross-referencing will result. Notice the use \verb+\text{#1}+ for | |||||
| using a Roman font within a math environment. | |||||
| To set a multiline equation without \emph{any} equation | |||||
| numbers, use the \verb+\begin{eqnarray*}+, | |||||
| \verb+\end{eqnarray*}+ format: | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray*} | |||||
| \sum \vert M^{\text{viol}}_g \vert ^2&=&g^{2n-4}_S(Q^2)~N^{n-2} | |||||
| (N^2-1)\\ | |||||
| & &\times \left( \sum_{i<j}\right) | |||||
| \left( | |||||
| \sum_{\text{perm}}\frac{1}{S_{12}S_{23}S_{n1}} | |||||
| \right) | |||||
| \frac{1}{S_{12}}~. | |||||
| \end{eqnarray*} | |||||
| To obtain numbers not normally produced by the automatic numbering, | |||||
| use the \verb+\tag{#1}+ command, where \verb+#1+ is the desired | |||||
| equation number. For example, to get an equation number of | |||||
| (\ref{eq:mynum}), | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| g^+g^+ \rightarrow g^+g^+g^+g^+ \dots ~,~~q^+q^+\rightarrow | |||||
| q^+g^+g^+ \dots ~. \tag{2.6$'$}\label{eq:mynum} | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| A few notes on \verb=\tag{#1}=. \verb+\tag{#1}+ requires | |||||
| \texttt{amsmath}. The \verb+\tag{#1}+ must come before the | |||||
| \verb+\label{#1}+, if any. The numbering set with \verb+\tag{#1}+ is | |||||
| \textit{transparent} to the automatic numbering in REV\TeX{}; | |||||
| therefore, the number must be known ahead of time, and it must be | |||||
| manually adjusted if other equations are added. \verb+\tag{#1}+ works | |||||
| with both single-line and multiline equations. \verb+\tag{#1}+ should | |||||
| only be used in exceptional case - do not use it to number all | |||||
| equations in a paper. | |||||
| Enclosing single-line and multiline equations in | |||||
| \verb+\begin{subequations}+ and \verb+\end{subequations}+ will produce | |||||
| a set of equations that are ``numbered'' with letters, as shown in | |||||
| Eqs.~(\ref{subeq:1}) and (\ref{subeq:2}) below: | |||||
| \begin{subequations} | |||||
| \label{eq:whole} | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| \left\{ | |||||
| abc123456abcdef\alpha\beta\gamma\delta1234556\alpha\beta | |||||
| \frac{1\sum^{a}_{b}}{A^2} | |||||
| \right\},\label{subeq:1} | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| {\cal M}=&&ig_Z^2(4E_1E_2)^{1/2}(l_i^2)^{-1} | |||||
| (g_{\sigma_2}^e)^2\chi_{-\sigma_2}(p_2)\nonumber\\ | |||||
| &&\times | |||||
| [\epsilon_i]_{\sigma_1}\chi_{\sigma_1}(p_1).\label{subeq:2} | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| \end{subequations} | |||||
| Putting a \verb+\label{#1}+ command right after the | |||||
| \verb+\begin{subequations}+, allows one to | |||||
| reference all the equations in a subequations environment. For | |||||
| example, the equations in the preceding subequations environment were | |||||
| Eqs.~(\ref{eq:whole}). | |||||
| \subsubsection{Wide equations} | |||||
| The equation that follows is set in a wide format, i.e., it spans | |||||
| across the full page. The wide format is reserved for long equations | |||||
| that cannot be easily broken into four lines or less: | |||||
| \begin{widetext} | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| {\cal R}^{(\text{d})}= | |||||
| g_{\sigma_2}^e | |||||
| \left( | |||||
| \frac{[\Gamma^Z(3,21)]_{\sigma_1}}{Q_{12}^2-M_W^2} | |||||
| +\frac{[\Gamma^Z(13,2)]_{\sigma_1}}{Q_{13}^2-M_W^2} | |||||
| \right) | |||||
| + x_WQ_e | |||||
| \left( | |||||
| \frac{[\Gamma^\gamma(3,21)]_{\sigma_1}}{Q_{12}^2-M_W^2} | |||||
| +\frac{[\Gamma^\gamma(13,2)]_{\sigma_1}}{Q_{13}^2-M_W^2} | |||||
| \right)\;. \label{eq:wideeq} | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| \end{widetext} | |||||
| This is typed to show the output is in wide format. | |||||
| (Since there is no input line between \verb+\equation+ and | |||||
| this paragraph, there is no paragraph indent for this paragraph.) | |||||
| \section{Cross-referencing} | |||||
| REV\TeX{} will automatically number sections, equations, figure | |||||
| captions, and tables. In order to reference them in text, use the | |||||
| \verb+\label{#1}+ and \verb+\ref{#1}+ commands. To reference a | |||||
| particular page, use the \verb+\pageref{#1}+ command. | |||||
| The \verb+\label{#1}+ should appear in a section heading, within an | |||||
| equation, or in a table or figure caption. The \verb+\ref{#1}+ command | |||||
| is used in the text where the citation is to be displayed. Some | |||||
| examples: Section~\ref{sec:level1} on page~\pageref{sec:level1}, | |||||
| Table~\ref{tab:table1},% | |||||
| \begin{table} | |||||
| \caption{\label{tab:table1}This is a narrow table which fits into a | |||||
| text column when using \texttt{twocolumn} formatting. Note that | |||||
| REV\TeX~4 adjusts the intercolumn spacing so that the table fills the | |||||
| entire width of the column. Table captions are numbered | |||||
| automatically. This table illustrates left-aligned, centered, and | |||||
| right-aligned columns. } | |||||
| \begin{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \begin{tabular}{lcr} | |||||
| Left\footnote{Note a.}&Centered\footnote{Note b.}&Right\\ | |||||
| \hline | |||||
| 1 & 2 & 3\\ | |||||
| 10 & 20 & 30\\ | |||||
| 100 & 200 & 300\\ | |||||
| \end{tabular} | |||||
| \end{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \end{table} | |||||
| and Fig.~\ref{fig:epsart}. | |||||
| \section{Figures and Tables} | |||||
| Figures and tables are typically ``floats''; \LaTeX\ determines their | |||||
| final position via placement rules. | |||||
| \LaTeX\ isn't always successful in automatically placing floats where you wish them. | |||||
| Figures are marked up with the \texttt{figure} environment, the content of which | |||||
| imports the image (\verb+\includegraphics+) followed by the figure caption (\verb+\caption+). | |||||
| The argument of the latter command should itself contain a \verb+\label+ command if you | |||||
| wish to refer to your figure with \verb+\ref+. | |||||
| Import your image using either the \texttt{graphics} or | |||||
| \texttt{graphix} packages. These packages both define the | |||||
| \verb+\includegraphics{#1}+ command, but they differ in the optional | |||||
| arguments for specifying the orientation, scaling, and translation of the figure. | |||||
| Fig.~\ref{fig:epsart}% | |||||
| \begin{figure} | |||||
| \includegraphics{fig_1}% Here is how to import EPS art | |||||
| \caption{\label{fig:epsart} A figure caption. The figure captions are | |||||
| automatically numbered.} | |||||
| \end{figure} | |||||
| is small enough to fit in a single column, while | |||||
| Fig.~\ref{fig:wide}% | |||||
| \begin{figure*} | |||||
| \includegraphics{fig_2}% Here is how to import EPS art | |||||
| \caption{\label{fig:wide}Use the \texttt{figure*} environment to get a wide | |||||
| figure, spanning the page in \texttt{twocolumn} formatting.} | |||||
| \end{figure*} | |||||
| is too wide for a single column, | |||||
| so instead the \texttt{figure*} environment has been used. | |||||
| The analog of the \texttt{figure} environment is \texttt{table}, which uses | |||||
| the same \verb+\caption+ command. | |||||
| However, you should type your caption command first within the \texttt{table}, | |||||
| instead of last as you did for \texttt{figure}. | |||||
| The heart of any table is the \texttt{tabular} environment, | |||||
| which represents the table content as a (vertical) sequence of table rows, | |||||
| each containing a (horizontal) sequence of table cells. | |||||
| Cells are separated by the \verb+&+ character; | |||||
| the row terminates with \verb+\\+. | |||||
| The required argument for the \texttt{tabular} environment | |||||
| specifies how data are displayed in each of the columns. | |||||
| For instance, a column | |||||
| may be centered (\verb+c+), left-justified (\verb+l+), right-justified (\verb+r+), | |||||
| or aligned on a decimal point (\verb+d+). | |||||
| (Table~\ref{tab:table4}% | |||||
| \begin{table} | |||||
| \caption{\label{tab:table4}Numbers in columns Three--Five have been | |||||
| aligned by using the ``d'' column specifier (requires the | |||||
| \texttt{dcolumn} package). | |||||
| Non-numeric entries (those entries without | |||||
| a ``.'') in a ``d'' column are aligned on the decimal point. | |||||
| Use the | |||||
| ``D'' specifier for more complex layouts. } | |||||
| \begin{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \begin{tabular}{ccddd} | |||||
| One&Two&\mbox{Three}&\mbox{Four}&\mbox{Five}\\ | |||||
| \hline | |||||
| one&two&\mbox{three}&\mbox{four}&\mbox{five}\\ | |||||
| He&2& 2.77234 & 45672. & 0.69 \\ | |||||
| C\footnote{Some tables require footnotes.} | |||||
| &C\footnote{Some tables need more than one footnote.} | |||||
| & 12537.64 & 37.66345 & 86.37 \\ | |||||
| \end{tabular} | |||||
| \end{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \end{table} | |||||
| illustrates the use of decimal column alignment.) | |||||
| Extra column-spacing may be be specified as well, although | |||||
| REV\TeX~4 sets this spacing so that the columns fill the width of the | |||||
| table. | |||||
| Horizontal rules are typeset using the \verb+\hline+ | |||||
| command. | |||||
| The doubled (or Scotch) rules that appear at the top and | |||||
| bottom of a table can be achieved by enclosing the \texttt{tabular} | |||||
| environment within a \texttt{ruledtabular} environment. | |||||
| Rows whose columns span multiple columns can be typeset using \LaTeX's | |||||
| \verb+\multicolumn{#1}{#2}{#3}+ command | |||||
| (for example, see the first row of Table~\ref{tab:table3}).% | |||||
| \begin{table*} | |||||
| \caption{\label{tab:table3}This is a wide table that spans the page | |||||
| width in \texttt{twocolumn} mode. It is formatted using the | |||||
| \texttt{table*} environment. It also demonstrates the use of | |||||
| \textbackslash\texttt{multicolumn} in rows with entries that span | |||||
| more than one column.} | |||||
| \begin{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \begin{tabular}{ccccc} | |||||
| &\multicolumn{2}{c}{$D_{4h}^1$}&\multicolumn{2}{c}{$D_{4h}^5$}\\ | |||||
| Ion&1st alternative&2nd alternative&lst alternative | |||||
| &2nd alternative\\ \hline | |||||
| K&$(2e)+(2f)$&$(4i)$ &$(2c)+(2d)$&$(4f)$ \\ | |||||
| Mn&$(2g)$\footnote{The $z$ parameter of these positions is $z\sim\frac{1}{4}$.} | |||||
| &$(a)+(b)+(c)+(d)$&$(4e)$&$(2a)+(2b)$\\ | |||||
| Cl&$(a)+(b)+(c)+(d)$&$(2g)$\footnote{This is a footnote in a table that spans the full page | |||||
| width in \texttt{twocolumn} mode. It is supposed to set on the full width of the page, just as the caption does. } | |||||
| &$(4e)^{\text{a}}$\\ | |||||
| He&$(8r)^{\text{a}}$&$(4j)^{\text{a}}$&$(4g)^{\text{a}}$\\ | |||||
| Ag& &$(4k)^{\text{a}}$& &$(4h)^{\text{a}}$\\ | |||||
| \end{tabular} | |||||
| \end{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \end{table*} | |||||
| The tables in this document illustrate various effects. | |||||
| Tables that fit in a narrow column are contained in a \texttt{table} | |||||
| environment. | |||||
| Table~\ref{tab:table3} is a wide table, therefore set with the | |||||
| \texttt{table*} environment. | |||||
| Lengthy tables may need to break across pages. | |||||
| A simple way to allow this is to specify | |||||
| the \verb+[H]+ float placement on the \texttt{table} or | |||||
| \texttt{table*} environment. | |||||
| Alternatively, using the standard \LaTeXe\ package \texttt{longtable} | |||||
| gives more control over how tables break and allows headers and footers | |||||
| to be specified for each page of the table. | |||||
| An example of the use of \texttt{longtable} can be found | |||||
| in the file \texttt{summary.tex} that is included with the REV\TeX~4 | |||||
| distribution. | |||||
| There are two methods for setting footnotes within a table (these | |||||
| footnotes will be displayed directly below the table rather than at | |||||
| the bottom of the page or in the bibliography). | |||||
| The easiest | |||||
| and preferred method is just to use the \verb+\footnote{#1}+ | |||||
| command. This will automatically enumerate the footnotes with | |||||
| lowercase roman letters. | |||||
| However, it is sometimes necessary to have | |||||
| multiple entries in the table share the same footnote. | |||||
| In this case, | |||||
| create the footnotes using | |||||
| \verb+\footnotemark[#1]+ and \verb+\footnotetext[#1]{#2}+. | |||||
| \texttt{\#1} is a numeric value. | |||||
| Each time the same value for \texttt{\#1} is used, | |||||
| the same mark is produced in the table. | |||||
| The \verb+\footnotetext[#1]{#2}+ commands are placed after the \texttt{tabular} | |||||
| environment. | |||||
| Examine the \LaTeX\ source and output for Tables~\ref{tab:table1} and | |||||
| \ref{tab:table2}% | |||||
| \begin{table} | |||||
| \caption{\label{tab:table2}A table with more columns still fits | |||||
| properly in a column. Note that several entries share the same | |||||
| footnote. Inspect the \LaTeX\ input for this table to see | |||||
| exactly how it is done.} | |||||
| \begin{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \begin{tabular}{cccccccc} | |||||
| &$r_c$ (\AA)&$r_0$ (\AA)&$\kappa r_0$& | |||||
| &$r_c$ (\AA) &$r_0$ (\AA)&$\kappa r_0$\\ | |||||
| \hline | |||||
| Cu& 0.800 & 14.10 & 2.550 &Sn\footnotemark[1] | |||||
| & 0.680 & 1.870 & 3.700 \\ | |||||
| Ag& 0.990 & 15.90 & 2.710 &Pb\footnotemark[2] | |||||
| & 0.450 & 1.930 & 3.760 \\ | |||||
| Au& 1.150 & 15.90 & 2.710 &Ca\footnotemark[3] | |||||
| & 0.750 & 2.170 & 3.560 \\ | |||||
| Mg& 0.490 & 17.60 & 3.200 &Sr\footnotemark[4] | |||||
| & 0.900 & 2.370 & 3.720 \\ | |||||
| Zn& 0.300 & 15.20 & 2.970 &Li\footnotemark[2] | |||||
| & 0.380 & 1.730 & 2.830 \\ | |||||
| Cd& 0.530 & 17.10 & 3.160 &Na\footnotemark[5] | |||||
| & 0.760 & 2.110 & 3.120 \\ | |||||
| Hg& 0.550 & 17.80 & 3.220 &K\footnotemark[5] | |||||
| & 1.120 & 2.620 & 3.480 \\ | |||||
| Al& 0.230 & 15.80 & 3.240 &Rb\footnotemark[3] | |||||
| & 1.330 & 2.800 & 3.590 \\ | |||||
| Ga& 0.310 & 16.70 & 3.330 &Cs\footnotemark[4] | |||||
| & 1.420 & 3.030 & 3.740 \\ | |||||
| In& 0.460 & 18.40 & 3.500 &Ba\footnotemark[5] | |||||
| & 0.960 & 2.460 & 3.780 \\ | |||||
| Tl& 0.480 & 18.90 & 3.550 & & & & \\ | |||||
| \end{tabular} | |||||
| \end{ruledtabular} | |||||
| \footnotetext[1]{Here's the first, from Ref.~\onlinecite{feyn54}.} | |||||
| \footnotetext[2]{Here's the second.} | |||||
| \footnotetext[3]{Here's the third.} | |||||
| \footnotetext[4]{Here's the fourth.} | |||||
| \footnotetext[5]{And etc.} | |||||
| \end{table} | |||||
| for an illustration. | |||||
| All AIP journals require that the initial citation of | |||||
| figures or tables be in numerical order. | |||||
| \LaTeX's automatic numbering of floats is your friend here: | |||||
| just put each \texttt{figure} environment immediately following | |||||
| its first reference (\verb+\ref+), as we have done in this example file. | |||||
| \begin{acknowledgments} | |||||
| We wish to acknowledge the support of the author community in using | |||||
| REV\TeX{}, offering suggestions and encouragement, testing new versions, | |||||
| \dots. | |||||
| \end{acknowledgments} | |||||
| \appendix | |||||
| \section{Appendixes} | |||||
| To start the appendixes, use the \verb+\appendix+ command. | |||||
| This signals that all following section commands refer to appendixes | |||||
| instead of regular sections. Therefore, the \verb+\appendix+ command | |||||
| should be used only once---to set up the section commands to act as | |||||
| appendixes. Thereafter normal section commands are used. The heading | |||||
| for a section can be left empty. For example, | |||||
| \begin{verbatim} | |||||
| \appendix | |||||
| \section{} | |||||
| \end{verbatim} | |||||
| will produce an appendix heading that says ``APPENDIX A'' and | |||||
| \begin{verbatim} | |||||
| \appendix | |||||
| \section{Background} | |||||
| \end{verbatim} | |||||
| will produce an appendix heading that says ``APPENDIX A: BACKGROUND'' | |||||
| (note that the colon is set automatically). | |||||
| If there is only one appendix, then the letter ``A'' should not | |||||
| appear. This is suppressed by using the star version of the appendix | |||||
| command (\verb+\appendix*+ in the place of \verb+\appendix+). | |||||
| \section{A little more on appendixes} | |||||
| Observe that this appendix was started by using | |||||
| \begin{verbatim} | |||||
| \section{A little more on appendixes} | |||||
| \end{verbatim} | |||||
| Note the equation number in an appendix: | |||||
| \begin{equation} | |||||
| E=mc^2. | |||||
| \end{equation} | |||||
| \subsection{\label{app:subsec}A subsection in an appendix} | |||||
| You can use a subsection or subsubsection in an appendix. Note the | |||||
| numbering: we are now in Appendix~\ref{app:subsec}. | |||||
| \subsubsection{\label{app:subsubsec}A subsubsection in an appendix} | |||||
| Note the equation numbers in this appendix, produced with the | |||||
| subequations environment: | |||||
| \begin{subequations} | |||||
| \begin{eqnarray} | |||||
| E&=&mc, \label{appa} | |||||
| \\ | |||||
| E&=&mc^2, \label{appb} | |||||
| \\ | |||||
| E&\agt& mc^3. \label{appc} | |||||
| \end{eqnarray} | |||||
| \end{subequations} | |||||
| They turn out to be Eqs.~(\ref{appa}), (\ref{appb}), and (\ref{appc}). | |||||
| \nocite{*} | |||||
| \bibliography{sorsamp}% Produces the bibliography via BibTeX. | |||||
| \end{document} | |||||
| % | |||||
| % ****** End of file sorsamp.tex ****** | |||||