# Timeline documentation

## Overview

The Timeline is an interactive visualization chart to visualize data in time. The data items can take place on a single date, or have a start and end date (a range). You can freely move and zoom in the timeline by dragging and scrolling in the Timeline. Items can be created, edited, and deleted in the timeline. The time scale on the axis is adjusted automatically, and supports scales ranging from milliseconds to years.

## Contents

- Overview
- Example
- Loading
- Data Format
  - Items
  - Groups
- Configuration Options
- Methods
- Events
- Editing Items
- Styles
- Data Policy

## Example

The following code shows how to create a Timeline and provide it with data. More examples can be found in the examples directory.

    <!DOCTYPE HTML>
    <html>
    <head>
      <title>Timeline | Basic demo</title>

      <style type="text/css">
        body, html {
          font-family: sans-serif;
        }
      </style>

      <script src="../../dist/vis.js"></script>
      <link href="../../dist/vis.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    </head>
    <body>
    <div id="visualization"></div>

    <script type="text/javascript">
      var container = document.getElementById('visualization');
      var items = [
        {id: 1, content: 'item 1', start: '2013-04-20'},
        {id: 2, content: 'item 2', start: '2013-04-14'},
        {id: 3, content: 'item 3', start: '2013-04-18'},
        {id: 4, content: 'item 4', start: '2013-04-16', end: '2013-04-19'},
        {id: 5, content: 'item 5', start: '2013-04-25'},
        {id: 6, content: 'item 6', start: '2013-04-27'}
      ];
      var options = {};
      var timeline = new vis.Timeline(container, items, options);
    </script>
    </body>
    </html>

## Loading

Install or download the vis.js library. in a subfolder of your project. Include the libraries script and css files in the head of your html code:

    <script src="vis/dist/vis.js"></script>
    <link href="vis/dist/vis.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />

The constructor of the Timeline is `vis.Timeline`

    var timeline = new vis.Timeline(container, items, options);

The constructor accepts three parameters:

- `container` is the DOM element in which to create the graph.
- `items` is an Array containing items. The properties of an item are described in section Data Format.
- `options` is an optional Object containing a name-value map with options. Options can also be set using the method `setOptions`.

## Data Format

The timeline can be provided with two types of data:

- Items containing a set of items to be displayed in time.
- Groups containing a set of groups used to group items together.

### Items

The Timeline uses regular Arrays and Objects as data format. Data items can contain the properties `start`, `end` (optional), `content`, `group` (optional), and `className` (optional).

A table is constructed as:

    var items = [
      {
        start: new Date(2010, 7, 15),
        end: new Date(2010, 8, 2),  // end is optional
        content: 'Trajectory A'
        // Optional: fields 'id', 'type', 'group', 'className'
      }
      // more items...
    ]);

The item properties are defined as:

Name | Type | Required | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
id | String | Number | no | An id for the item. Using an id is not required but highly recommended. An id is needed when dynamically adding, updating, and removing items in a DataSet.
start | Date | yes | The start date of the item, for example `new Date(2010,09,23)`.
end | Date | no | The end date of the item. The end date is optional, and can be left `null`. If end date is provided, the item is displayed as a range. If not, the item is displayed as a box.
content | String | yes | The contents of the item. This can be plain text or html code.
type | String | 'box' | The type of the item. Can be 'box' (default), 'point', 'range', or 'rangeoverflow'. Types 'box' and 'point' need a start date, and types 'range' and 'rangeoverflow' need both a start and end date. Types 'range' and rangeoverflow are equal, except that overflowing text in 'range' is hidden, while visible in 'rangeoverflow'.
group | any type | no | This field is optional. When the group column is provided, all items with the same group are placed on one line. A vertical axis is displayed showing the groups. Grouping items can be useful for example when showing availability of multiple people, rooms, or other resources next to each other.
className | String | no | This field is optional. A className can be used to give items an individual css style. For example, when an item has className 'red', one can define a css style like:
    .vis.timeline .red {
      color: white;
      background-color: red;
      border-color: darkred;
    }
More details on how to style items can be found in the section Styles.

### Groups

Like the items, groups are regular JavaScript Arrays and Objects. Using groups, items can be grouped together. Items are filtered per group, and displayed as Group items can contain the properties `id`, `content`, and `className` (optional).

Groups can be applied to a timeline using the method `setGroups`. A table with groups can be created like:

    var groups = [
      {
        id: 1,
        content: 'Group 1'
        // Optional: a field 'className'
      }
      // more groups...
    ]);

Groups can have the following properties:

Name | Type | Required | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
id | String | Number | yes | An id for the group. The group will display all items having a property `group` which matches the `id` of the group.
content | String | yes | The contents of the group. This can be plain text or html code.
className | String | no | This field is optional. A className can be used to give groups an individual css style. For example, when a group has className 'red', one can define a css style `.red { color: red; }` . More details on how to style groups can be found in the section Styles.

## Configuration Options

Options can be used to customize the timeline. Options are defined as a JSON object. All options are optional.

    var options = {
      width: '100%',
      height: '30px',
      margin: {
        item: 20
      }
    };

The following options are available.

Name | Type | Default | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
align | String | "center" | Alignment of items with type 'box'. Available values are 'center' (default), 'left', or 'right').
autoResize | boolean | true | If true, the Timeline will automatically detect when its container is resized, and redraw itself accordingly. If false, the Timeline can be forced to repaint after its container has been resized using the function `repaint()`.
editable | Boolean | Object | false | If true, the items in the timeline can be manipulated. Only applicable when option `selectable` is `true`. See also the callbacks `onAdd`, `onUpdate`, `onMove`, and `onRemove`. When `editable` is an object, one can enable or disable individual manipulation actions. See section Editing Items for a detailed explanation.
editable.add | Boolean | false | If true, new items can be created by double tapping an empty space in the Timeline. See section Editing Items for a detailed explanation.
editable.remove | Boolean | false | If true, items can be deleted by first selecting them, and then clicking the delete button on the top right of the item. See section Editing Items for a detailed explanation.
editable.updateGroup | Boolean | false | If true, items can be dragged from one group to another. Only applicable when the Timeline has groups. See section Editing Items for a detailed explanation.
editable.updateTime | Boolean | false | If true, items can be dragged to another moment in time. See section Editing Items for a detailed explanation.
end | Date | Number | String | none | The initial end date for the axis of the timeline. If not provided, the latest date present in the items set is taken as end date.
groupOrder | String | Function | none | Order the groups by a field name or custom sort function. By default, groups are not ordered.
height | Number | String | none | The height of the timeline in pixels or as a percentage. When height is undefined or null, the height of the timeline is automatically adjusted to fit the contents. It is possible to set a maximum height using option `maxHeight` to prevent the timeline from getting too high in case of automatically calculated height.
margin.axis | Number | 20 | The minimal margin in pixels between items and the time axis.
margin.item | Number | 10 | The minimal margin in pixels between items.
max | Date | Number | String | none | Set a maximum Date for the visible range. It will not be possible to move beyond this maximum.
maxHeight | Number | String | none | Specifies the maximum height for the Timeline. Can be a number in pixels or a string like "300px".
min | Date | Number | String | none | Set a minimum Date for the visible range. It will not be possible to move beyond this minimum.
minHeight | Number | String | none | Specifies the minimum height for the Timeline. Can be a number in pixels or a string like "300px".
moveable | Boolean | true | Specifies whether the Timeline can be moved and zoomed by dragging the window. See also option `zoomable`.
onAdd | Function | none | Callback function triggered when an item is about to be added: when the user double taps an empty space in the Timeline. See section Editing Items for more information. Only applicable when both options `selectable` and `editable.add` are set `true`.
onUpdate | Function | none | Callback function triggered when an item is about to be updated, when the user double taps an item in the Timeline. See section Editing Items for more information. Only applicable when both options `selectable` and `editable.updateTime` or `editable.updateGroup` are set `true`.
onMove | Function | none | Callback function triggered when an item has been moved: after the user has dragged the item to an other position. See section Editing Items for more information. Only applicable when both options `selectable` and `editable.updateTime` or `editable.updateGroup` are set `true`.
onRemove | Function | none | Callback function triggered when an item is about to be removed: when the user tapped the delete button on the top right of a selected item. See section Editing Items for more information. Only applicable when both options `selectable` and `editable.remove` are set `true`.
orientation | String | 'bottom' | Orientation of the timeline: 'top' or 'bottom' (default). If orientation is 'bottom', the time axis is drawn at the bottom, and if 'top', the axis is drawn on top.
padding | Number | 5 | The padding of items, needed to correctly calculate the size of item ranges. Must correspond with the css of items, for example when setting `options.padding=10`, corresponding css is:
    .vis.timeline .item {
      padding: 10px;
    }
selectable | Boolean | true | If true, the items on the timeline can be selected. Multiple items can be selected by long pressing them, or by using ctrl+click or shift+click. The event `select` is fired each time the selection has changed (see section Events).
showCurrentTime | boolean | true | Show a vertical bar at the current time.
showCustomTime | boolean | false | Show a vertical bar displaying a custom time. This line can be dragged by the user. The custom time can be utilized to show a state in the past or in the future. When the custom time bar is dragged by the user, the event `timechange` is fired repeatedly. After the bar is dragged, the event `timechanged` is fired once.
showMajorLabels | boolean | true | By default, the timeline shows both minor and major date labels on the time axis. For example the minor labels show minutes and the major labels show hours. When `showMajorLabels` is `false`, no major labels are shown.
showMinorLabels | boolean | true | By default, the timeline shows both minor and major date labels on the time axis. For example the minor labels show minutes and the major labels show hours. When `showMinorLabels` is `false`, no minor labels are shown. When both `showMajorLabels` and `showMinorLabels` are false, no horizontal axis will be visible.
stack | Boolean | true | If true (default), items will be stacked on top of each other such that they do not overlap.
start | Date | Number | String | none | The initial start date for the axis of the timeline. If not provided, the earliest date present in the events is taken as start date.
type | String | 'box' | Specifies the default type for the timeline items. Choose from 'box', 'point', 'range', and 'rangeoverflow'. Note that individual items can override this default type.
width | String | '100%' | The width of the timeline in pixels or as a percentage.
zoomable | Boolean | true | Specifies whether the Timeline can be zoomed by pinching or scrolling in the window. Only applicable when option `moveable` is set `true`.
zoomMax | Number | 315360000000000 | Set a maximum zoom interval for the visible range in milliseconds. It will not be possible to zoom out further than this maximum. Default value equals about 10000 years.
zoomMin | Number | 10 | Set a minimum zoom interval for the visible range in milliseconds. It will not be possible to zoom in further than this minimum.

## Methods

The Timeline supports the following methods.

Method | Return Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
clear([what]) | none | Clear the Timeline. An object can be passed specifying which sections to clear: items, groups, and/or options. By Default, items, groups and options are cleared, i.e. `what = {items: true, groups: true, options: true}`. Example usage:
    timeline.clear();                // clear items, groups, and options
    timeline.clear({options: true}); // clear options only
fit() | none | Adjust the visible window such that it fits all items.
getCustomTime() | Date | Retrieve the custom time. Only applicable when the option `showCustomTime` is true.
setCustomTime(time) | none | Adjust the custom time bar. Only applicable when the option `showCustomTime` is true. `time` is a Date object.
getSelection() | Number[] | Get an array with the ids of the currently selected items.
getWindow() | Object | Get the current visible window. Returns an object with properties `start: Date` and `end: Date`.
on(event, callback) | none | Create an event listener. The callback function is invoked every time the event is triggered. Avialable events: `rangechange`, `rangechanged`, `select`. The callback function is invoked as `callback(properties)`, where `properties` is an object containing event specific properties. See section Events for more information.
off(event, callback) | none | Remove an event listener created before via function `on(event, callback)`. See section Events for more information.
redraw() | none | Force a redraw of the Timeline. Can be useful to manually redraw when option autoResize=false.
setGroups(groups) | none | Set a data set with groups for the Timeline. `groups` can be an Array with Objects, a DataSet, or a DataView. For each of the groups, the items of the timeline are filtered on the property `group`, which must correspond with the id of the group.
setItems(items) | none | Set a data set with items for the Timeline. `items` can be an Array with Objects, a DataSet, or a DataView.
setOptions(options) | none | Set or update options. It is possible to change any option of the timeline at any time. You can for example switch orientation on the fly.
setSelection([ids]) | none | Select or deselect items. Currently selected items will be unselected.
setWindow(start, end) | none | Set the current visible window. The parameters `start` and `end` can be a `Date`, `Number`, or `String`. If the parameter value of `start` or `end` is null, the parameter will be left unchanged.

## Events

Timeline fires events when changing the visible window by dragging, when selecting items, and when dragging the custom time bar.

Here an example on how to listen for a `select` event.

    timeline.on('select', function (properties) {
      alert('selected items: ' + properties.nodes);
    });

A listener can be removed via the function `off`:

    function onSelect (properties) {
      alert('selected items: ' + properties.nodes);
    }

    // add event listener
    timeline.on('select', onSelect);

    // do stuff...

    // remove event listener
    timeline.off('select', onSelect);

The following events are available.

name | Description | Properties
--- | --- | ---
rangechange | Fired repeatedly when the user is dragging the timeline window. | `start` (Number): timestamp of the current start of the window. `end` (Number): timestamp of the current end of the window.
rangechanged | Fired once after the user has dragged the timeline window. | `start` (Number): timestamp of the current start of the window. `end` (Number): timestamp of the current end of the window.
select | Fired after the user selects or deselects items by tapping or holding them. When a use taps an already selected item, the select event is fired again. Not fired when the method `setSelection`is executed. | `items`: an array with the ids of the selected items
timechange | Fired repeatedly when the user is dragging the custom time bar. Only available when the custom time bar is enabled. | `time` (Date): the current time.
timechanged | Fired once after the user has dragged the custom time bar. Only available when the custom time bar is enabled. | `time` (Date): the current time.

## Editing Items

When the Timeline is configured to be editable (both options `selectable` and `editable` are `true`), the user can move items by dragging them, can create a new item by double tapping on an empty space, can update an item by double tapping it, and can delete a selected item by clicking the delete button on the top right.

Option `editable` accepts a boolean or an object. When `editable` is a boolean, all manipulation actions will be either enabled or disabled. When `editable` is an object, one can enable individual manipulation actions:

    // enable or disable all manipulation actions
    var options = {
      editable: true       // true or false
    };

    // enable or disable individual manipulation actions
    var options = {
      editable: {
        add: true,         // add new items by double tapping
        updateTime: true,  // drag items horizontally
        updateGroup: true, // drag items from one group to another
        remove: true       // delete an item by tapping the delete button top right
      }
    };

One can specify callback functions to validate changes made by the user. There are a number of callback functions for this purpose:

- `onAdd(item, callback)` Fired when a new item is about to be added. If not implemented, the item will be added with default text contents.
- `onUpdate(item, callback)` Fired when an item is about to be updated. This function typically has to show a dialog where the user change the item. If not implemented, nothing happens.
- `onMove(item, callback)` Fired when an item has been moved. If not implemented, the move action will be accepted.
- `onRemove(item, callback)` Fired when an item is about to be deleted. If not implemented, the item will be always removed.

Each of the callbacks is invoked with two arguments:

- `item`: the item being manipulated
- `callback`: a callback function which must be invoked to report back. The callback must be invoked as `callback(item | null)`. Here, `item` can contain changes to the passed item. When invoked as `callback(null)`, the action will be cancelled.

Example code:

    var options = {
      onUpdate: function (item, callback) {
        item.content = prompt('Edit items text:', item.content);
        if (item.content != null) {
          callback(item); // send back adjusted item
        }
        else {
          callback(null); // cancel updating the item
        }
      }
    }

A full example is available here: 08_edit_items.html.

## Styles

All parts of the Timeline have a class name and a default css style. The styles can be overwritten, which enables full customization of the layout of the Timeline.

For example, to change the border and background color of all items, include the following code inside the head of your html code or in a separate stylesheet.

    <style>
      .vis.timeline .item {
        border-color: orange;
        background-color: yellow;
      }
    </style>

## Data Policy

All code and data is processed and rendered in the browser. No data is sent to any server.