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@ -2,22 +2,20 @@ It is a well-known fact that a fast website is critical towards having high user |
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retention. Google looks favorable upon websites which are well optimized and |
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fast. If you are using a CMS like WordPress or Wix, a lot of optimization is |
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done automatically. If you like to build stuff from scratch like me, there is a |
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ton of work required to optimize a website. |
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ton of work required to optimize a website. This post will cover the 8 things that |
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I did to decrease the load time of this node blog by two seconds. |
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This post will cover the 8 things that I did to decrease the load time of this |
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node blog by two seconds. |
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#### Final Results |
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#### After Optimization |
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![Final Website Speed Test](media/websiteOptimization/finalResults.png) |
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This is testing on a single blog post. |
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Before the improvements my home page took 3.14 seconds to load and was 3mb. Now |
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my home page takes 1.22 seconds to load and is 1.2mb in size. If you look at the |
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waterfall for my home page, most of the time is a result of the youtube embedded |
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videos loading. |
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![Website Speed After Improvements](media/a6594f978c7925bcf3194a1c97029bd3.png) |
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Website Speed After Improvements |
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#### Before Optimization |
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![Website Speed After Improvements](media/a6594f978c7925bcf3194a1c97029bd3.png) |
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Website Speed Before Improvements |
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1: Optimize Images |
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------------------ |
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@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ development world, everyone would use SVG images which are extremely small and |
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don't need compression. I wrote a script to automatically optimize JPEG and PNG |
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images for the web since most people don’t use SVG images. |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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```bash |
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#!/bin/bash |
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# Simple script for optimizing all images for a website |
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@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ for folder in "${folders[@]}"; do |
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optipng -o7 -preserve "$f" |
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done |
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done |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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``` |
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When ran, this script will go through the ‘img, and ‘entries’ folder recursively |
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and optimize all the images in there. If an image is more than 690px wide, it |
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@ -63,10 +61,10 @@ browser. |
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If you are running a Debian based linux distro, you can download the |
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dependencies for this script with the following commands: |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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```bash |
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apt-get install jpegoptim |
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apt-get install optipng |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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``` |
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The goal of this script is to make most of the images under 100kb for the web. |
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It is ok to have a few images above 100kb; however, you should really avoid |
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@ -88,7 +86,7 @@ Here is a simple example where Async code can be misused |
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Good Code Async: |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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```javascript |
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Promise.all([includes.printHeader(), |
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require(file).main(filename, request), |
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includes.printFooter()]).then(function(content) |
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@ -99,11 +97,11 @@ Promise.all([includes.printHeader(), |
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{ |
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console.log(err); |
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}); |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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``` |
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Bad Async Code: |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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```javascript |
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includes.printHeader(res).then(function() |
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{ |
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return require(file).main(res, filename, request); |
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@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ includes.printHeader(res).then(function() |
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{ |
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console.log(err); |
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}) |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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``` |
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In the first example three blocks of async code are executed in parallel and in |
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the second example three blocks of async code are executed one after another. |
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@ -129,7 +127,7 @@ it creates a "perfect" async tree which actually runs very fast. |
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Another Good Async Example: |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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```javascript |
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/** |
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* Calls posts and sidebar modules to render blog contents in order |
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* |
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@ -150,7 +148,7 @@ main: function(requestURL) |
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}) |
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}); |
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} |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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``` |
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3: Client-Side Caching |
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---------------------- |
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@ -177,25 +175,25 @@ do it directly in Node. |
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#### Caching CSS |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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```javascript |
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var eTag = crypto.createHash('md5').update(content).digest('hex'); |
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result.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/css', 'Cache-Control': |
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'public, max-age=2678400', 'ETag': '"' + eTag + '"', |
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'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding'}); |
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result.write(content); |
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result.end(); |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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``` |
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#### Caching Images |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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```javascript |
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var eTag = crypto.createHash('md5').update(content).digest('hex'); |
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result.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'image/png', |
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'Cache-Control': 'public, max-age=2678400', |
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'ETag': '"' + eTag + '"'}); |
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result.write(content); |
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result.end(); |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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``` |
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4: Server-Side Caching |
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---------------------- |
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@ -207,7 +205,7 @@ read files. |
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#### Ex: |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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```javascript |
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const cache = require('memory-cache'); |
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var html = cache.get(filename); |
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@ -228,7 +226,7 @@ else |
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res.write(html); |
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res.end(); |
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} |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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``` |
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I found that it is the fastest to cache everything from static html pages, CSS, |
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JavaScript, and images. For a larger site this may consume a boat load of ram, |
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@ -241,11 +239,11 @@ your admin section—hard to realize while debugging. |
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To demonstrate the performance increase of this method, I restarted my web |
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server (clearing the cache) and ran a speed test which ran three trials. The |
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first two trials were slow since the server didn't have anything in its cache. |
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However, the third trial ran extreamly fast since all the contents were in the |
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first two trials were slow since the server did not have anything in its cache. |
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However, the third trial ran extremely fast since all the contents were in the |
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server's cache. |
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![Server Cache Example](media/3e2e138f85024c1a96ba0ad55bc5d2ed.png) |
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![Server Cache Example](media/websiteOptimization/serverCache.png) |
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Server Cache Example |
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@ -262,12 +260,14 @@ simple node module which will use Gzip compression on an Express app. |
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#### Gzip on Express App |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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```bash |
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npm install compression |
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``` |
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```javascript |
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var compression = require('compression') |
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app.use(compression()); |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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``` |
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6: Remove Unused CSS Definitions |
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-------------------------------- |
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@ -281,20 +281,20 @@ For my blog I used PurgeCSS which is a node library. |
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This command will install PurgeCSS for CLI (command line interface). |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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```bash |
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npm i -g purgecss |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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``` |
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This is an example of how you could use PurgeCSS to remove unused css |
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definitions. |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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```bash |
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purgecss --css css/app.css --content src/index.html --out build/css/ |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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``` |
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PurgeCSS CLI options. |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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```bash |
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purgecss --css <css> --content <content> [option] |
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Options: |
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@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ Options: |
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[array] [default: []] |
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-h, --help Show help [boolean] |
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-v, --version Show version number [boolean] |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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``` |
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This is not the ideal solution since some CSS definitions may be used on some |
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pages yet unused on other pages. When running this command be sure to select a |
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@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ minimize the amount of dependencies the client needs. I completely removed |
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BootStrap's JavaScript and jQuery from my blog by simply writing a javascript |
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function for my nav bar. This reduced the size of my website by 100kb. |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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```javascript |
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const e = document.querySelector(".navbar-toggler"); |
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const t = document.querySelector(".navbar-collapse"); |
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@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ e.onclick = function() |
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t.classList.add('collapse'); |
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} |
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} |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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``` |
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You should debate how much you need 3rd party scripts like Google Analytics. In |
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most cases people don't full take advantage of Google Analytics, a simple |
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