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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ enable people to use this as a quick reference to quickly jump into C++. This po |
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that you have prior knowledge of both C and object oriented-programming concepts. Each topic |
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that you have prior knowledge of both C and object oriented-programming concepts. Each topic |
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is quickly covered in a code snippet and some additional explanation is provided if necessary. |
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is quickly covered in a code snippet and some additional explanation is provided if necessary. |
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## Input/Output |
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# Input/Output |
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Input and output in C++ is easy, you use "cout" and "cin". When printing with |
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Input and output in C++ is easy, you use "cout" and "cin". When printing with |
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"cout", you separate what your printing with "<<"; "endl" prints a new line. |
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"cout", you separate what your printing with "<<"; "endl" prints a new line. |
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@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ g++ helloWorld.cpp -o hello |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Namespaces |
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# Namespaces |
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Name spaces are used to enable you to have multiple functions/methods called the |
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Name spaces are used to enable you to have multiple functions/methods called the |
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same thing and not conflict with one another. You use "namespacename::function/variable" |
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same thing and not conflict with one another. You use "namespacename::function/variable" |
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@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ int main() |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Global Variable |
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# Global Variable |
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Global variables are similar to C, however, you can now reference a global members with the "::" |
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Global variables are similar to C, however, you can now reference a global members with the "::" |
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accessor. |
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accessor. |
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@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ int main () |
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} |
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} |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Multiple Names for a Variable/Aliasing |
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# Multiple Names for a Variable/Aliasing |
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This is NOT simply a pointer. In the following example pi, and x now are treated as |
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This is NOT simply a pointer. In the following example pi, and x now are treated as |
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the same exact variable. You cannot later change the pointer destination for x. |
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the same exact variable. You cannot later change the pointer destination for x. |
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@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ cout << "pi: " << pi << " x: " << x << endl; // prints pi: 2.1 x: 2.1 |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Passing Variables by Reference |
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# Passing Variables by Reference |
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In C, everything was passed by value; C++ allows us to pass variables by reference. This is very powerful, in |
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In C, everything was passed by value; C++ allows us to pass variables by reference. This is very powerful, in |
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languages like Java, only Objects are passed by reference. C++ lets you decide exactly |
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languages like Java, only Objects are passed by reference. C++ lets you decide exactly |
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@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ int main() |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Functions Returning Variables References |
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# Functions Returning Variables References |
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A function can return a value reference which can be treated as a variable. In the following example, a function |
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A function can return a value reference which can be treated as a variable. In the following example, a function |
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returns the reference to the variable which is the smallest. |
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returns the reference to the variable which is the smallest. |
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@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ int main () |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Inline |
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# Inline |
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Inline can be used to replace a function which contains very simple logic -- no |
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Inline can be used to replace a function which contains very simple logic -- no |
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for loops, etc. Like a macro, this will be inserted everywhere the code is used; a |
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for loops, etc. Like a macro, this will be inserted everywhere the code is used; a |
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@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ int main() |
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} |
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} |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Exceptions |
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# Exceptions |
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Exceptions might help you stop segmentation faulting. The important thing to notice |
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Exceptions might help you stop segmentation faulting. The important thing to notice |
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is that you can throw about any type in a try block. |
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is that you can throw about any type in a try block. |
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@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ catch(int result) |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Default Parameters for Functions |
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# Default Parameters for Functions |
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This is exactly like default parameters in Python. If a function is called without |
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This is exactly like default parameters in Python. If a function is called without |
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the parameter, it is assumed to be that value. |
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the parameter, it is assumed to be that value. |
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@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ int main() |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Function Overloading |
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# Function Overloading |
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Like Java and Python, you can overload methods in C++. Not only can you overload the |
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Like Java and Python, you can overload methods in C++. Not only can you overload the |
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methods, but, the return type of the methods which are overloaded don't have to match. |
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methods, but, the return type of the methods which are overloaded don't have to match. |
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@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ int main() |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Operator Overloading |
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# Operator Overloading |
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You can redefine basic operators like (+,/,-,<<,>>, +=) for certain data types by using |
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You can redefine basic operators like (+,/,-,<<,>>, +=) for certain data types by using |
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operator overloading. |
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operator overloading. |
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@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ int main () |
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} |
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} |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Functions with Generic Parameter Types |
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# Functions with Generic Parameter Types |
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In C++ you can use a template class to create a method which has generic |
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In C++ you can use a template class to create a method which has generic |
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return and parameter types. |
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return and parameter types. |
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@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ type1 maximum (type1 a, type2 b) |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Replacement for malloc and free |
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# Replacement for malloc and free |
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Malloc and free still exists in C++, however, people typically |
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Malloc and free still exists in C++, however, people typically |
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use "new" and "delete" instead because it is cleaner. |
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use "new" and "delete" instead because it is cleaner. |
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@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ delete i; |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Struct Functions |
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# Struct Functions |
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You can now add functions to structs. |
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You can now add functions to structs. |
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@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ int Cat::fly() |
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} |
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} |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Strings |
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# Strings |
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Since C++ has classes, you can work with strings in a pleasant way. |
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Since C++ has classes, you can work with strings in a pleasant way. |
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@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ int main() |
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} |
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} |
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``` |
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``` |
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## Resources |
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# Resources |
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You now know enough C++ to start programming with it. If you want to take your |
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You now know enough C++ to start programming with it. If you want to take your |
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skills to the next level, I would recommend start working on a few projects in C++ and get |
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skills to the next level, I would recommend start working on a few projects in C++ and get |
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jrtechs
6 years ago